Introduce linter to prevent aria-label misuse

README.md

@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ require "erblint-github/linters"
 linters:
   GitHub::Accessibility::ImageHasAlt:
     enabled: true
+  GitHub::Accessibility::NoAriaLabelMisuse:
+    enabled: true
   GitHub::Accessibility::NoRedundantImageAlt:
     enabled: true
 ```
 
 ### Rules
 
+- [GitHub::Accessibility::ImageHasAlt](./docs/rules/accessibility/no-aria-label-misuse.md)
+- [GitHub::Accessibility::NoAriaLabelMisuse](./docs/rules/accessibility/image-has-alt.md)
 - [GitHub::Accessibility::NoRedundantImageAlt](./docs/rules/accessibility/no-redundant-image-alt.md)
-- [GitHub::Accessibility::ImageHasAlt](./docs/rules/accessibility/image-has-alt.md)
 
 ## Testing
 

docs/rules/accessibility/no-aria-label-misuse.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# No aria label misuse
+
+## Rule Details
+
+This rule aims to minimize misuse of the `aria-label` and `aria-labelledby` attributes because the usage of these attributes is only guaranteed on interactive elements and a subset of ARIA roles. W3C provides [a list of ARIA roles which cannot be named](https://w3c.github.io/aria/#namefromprohibited) which is used as a basis for this linter.
+
+There are conflicting resources on what elements should support these naming attributes. For now, this rule will operate under a relatively simple heuristic aimed to minimize false positives, but has room for future improvements.
+
+Learn more at [W3C Name Calcluation](https://w3c.github.io/aria/#namecalculation).
+
+Also check out the following resources:
+- [w3c/aria Consider prohibiting author naming certain roles #833](https://github.com/w3c/aria/issues/833)
+- [Not so short note on aria-label usage - Big Table Edition](https://html5accessibility.com/stuff/2020/11/07/not-so-short-note-on-aria-label-usage-big-table-edition/)
+
+👎 Examples of **incorrect** code for this rule:
+
+```erb
+<span aria-label="This does something">Hello</span>
+```
+
+```erb
+<div aria-labelledby="heading1">Goodbye</div>
+```
+
+```erb
+<h1 aria-label="This will override the content">Page title</h1>
+```
+
+👍 Examples of **correct** code for this rule:
+
+```erb
+<span>Hello</span>
+```
+
+```erb
+<div>Goodbye</div>
+```
+
+```erb
+<h1>Page title</h1>
+```
+
+```erb
+<div role="dialog" aria-labelledby="dialogHeading"></div>
+```

lib/erblint-github/linters/github/accessibility/no_aria_label_misuse.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "../../custom_helpers"
+
+module ERBLint
+  module Linters
+    module GitHub
+      module Accessibility
+        class NoAriaLabelMisuse < Linter
+          include ERBLint::Linters::CustomHelpers
+          include LinterRegistry
+
+          GENERIC_ELEMENTS = %w[span div].freeze
+          NAME_RESTRICTED_ELEMENTS = %w[h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 strong i p b code].freeze
+
+          # https://w3c.github.io/aria/#namefromprohibited
+          ROLES_WHICH_CANNOT_BE_NAMED = %w[caption code definition deletion emphasis insertion mark none paragraph presentation strong subscript suggestion superscript term time].freeze
+
+          MESSAGE = "[aria-label] and [aria-labelledby] usage are only reliably supported on interactive elements and a subset of ARIA roles"
+
+          def run(processed_source)
+            tags(processed_source).each do |tag|
+              next if tag.closing?
+              next unless possible_attribute_values(tag, "aria-label").present? || possible_attribute_values(tag, "aria-labelledby").present?
+
+              if NAME_RESTRICTED_ELEMENTS.include?(tag.name)
+                generate_offense(self.class, processed_source, tag)
+              elsif GENERIC_ELEMENTS.include?(tag.name)
+                role = possible_attribute_values(tag, "role")
+                if role.present?
+                  generate_offense(self.class, processed_source, tag) if ROLES_WHICH_CANNOT_BE_NAMED.include?(role.join)
+                else
+                  generate_offense(self.class, processed_source, tag)
+                end
+              end
+            end
+            rule_disabled?(processed_source)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

test/linters/accessibility/no_aria_label_misuse_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "test_helper"
+
+class NoAriaLabelMisuseTest < LinterTestCase
+  def linter_class
+    ERBLint::Linters::GitHub::Accessibility::NoAriaLabelMisuse
+  end
+
+  def example_invalid_case
+    <<~HTML
+      <span aria-labelledby='unique-id'>This is a span</span>
+    HTML
+  end
+
+  def test_warns_if_banned_elements_have_aria_label
+    @file = <<~HTML
+      <h1 aria-label="some label"></h1>
+      <h2 aria-labelledby="label1"></h2>
+      <h3 aria-label="some label"></h3>
+      <h4 aria-labelledby="label2"></h4>
+      <h5 aria-label="some label"></h5>
+      <h6 aria-labelledby="label3"></h6>
+      <strong aria-label="some label"></strong>
+      <i aria-labelledby="label5"></i>
+      <p aria-label="some label"></p>
+      <b aria-labelledby="label4"></b>
+      <code aria-label="some label"></code>
+    HTML
+
+    @linter.run(processed_source)
+    assert_equal @linter.offenses.length, 11
+  end
+
+  def test_warns_if_generic_elements_have_aria_label_and_no_role
+    @file = <<~HTML
+      <span aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+    HTML
+
+    @linter.run(processed_source)
+    assert_equal 2, @linter.offenses.length
+  end
+
+  def test_warns_if_generic_elements_have_aria_label_and_prohibited_role
+    @file = <<~HTML
+      <span role="caption" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="code" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="definition" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="deletion" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="insertion" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="mark" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="paragraph" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="presentation" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="strong" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="subscript" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="suggestion" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="superscript" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+      <span role="term" aria-labelledby="unique-id">This is a span</span>
+      <div role="time" aria-label="text">This is a div</div>
+    HTML
+
+    @linter.run(processed_source)
+    assert_equal 14, @linter.offenses.length
+  end
+
+  def test_does_not_warn_if_generic_elements_have_aria_label_and_allowed_role
+    @file = <<~HTML
+      <div role="banner" aria-label="text"></div>
+      <div role="button" aria-label="text 1"></div>
+      <div role="combobox" aria-label="text 2"></div>
+    HTML
+
+    @linter.run(processed_source)
+    assert_empty @linter.offenses
+  end
+end