[stdlib] Some more clock adjustments

[lorentey]

This is a followup to #41485.

• Fix a logic bug in _Int128 division (oops)
• Add a direct method for multiplying an _Int128 by a UInt64 value; use it for scaling values in Duration.
• Add methods to divide _[U]Int128 values by select constant values using the multiply+shift method. Use this to generate Duration.components, improving performance (by 1.5x to 2.7x depending on CPU)
• Fix SuspendingClock.minimumResolution to return the resolution, not the time
• Adjust the ordering of arguments in Duration's internal direct initializer to match the corresponding _Int128 init

[lorentey]

@swift-ci test

[lorentey]

@swift-ci test linux