Enforce in bootstrap that test must have stage at least 1 (except for compiletest)

[Kobzol]

This PR cleans up a bunch of test steps and adds metadata to them. I didn't yet touch the most complicated step (CompileTest), I'm leaving that for another PR.

Testing anything on stage 0 is only possible for compiletest and with build.allow-compiletest-stage0. Testing anything else on stage 0 will either produce a nice error or crash with a stage being subtracted below zero.

r? @jieyouxu

try-job: dist-x86_64-linux
try-job: aarch64-gnu
try-job: arm-android
try-job: x86_64-gnu-llvm-20*
try-job: x86_64-msvc-*
try-job: aarch64-apple

[rustbot]

This PR modifies src/bootstrap/src/core/config.

If appropriate, please update CONFIG_CHANGE_HISTORY in src/bootstrap/src/utils/change_tracker.rs.

[Kobzol]

@bors try

[Kobzol]

@bors try

[rust-bors]

💔 Test for 06dca67 failed: CI. Failed jobs:

• try - aarch64-apple (web logs, extended logs)
• try - aarch64-gnu (web logs, extended logs)
• try - arm-android (web logs, extended logs)
• try - dist-x86_64-linux (web logs, extended logs)
• (and 8 other jobs)

[Kobzol]

@bors try

[rust-bors]

💔 Test for 71ba459 failed: CI. Failed jobs:

• try - aarch64-apple (web logs, extended logs)
• try - aarch64-gnu (web logs, extended logs)
• try - arm-android (web logs, extended logs)
• try - dist-x86_64-linux (web logs, extended logs)
• (and 8 other jobs)

[rustbot]

This PR was rebased onto a different master commit. Here's a range-diff highlighting what actually changed.

Rebasing is a normal part of keeping PRs up to date, so no action is needed—this note is just to help reviewers.

[Kobzol]

@bors try

[rust-bors]

💔 Test for c269407 failed: CI. Failed jobs:

• try - aarch64-gnu (web logs, extended logs)

[Kobzol]

@bors try

[rust-log-analyzer]

The job aarch64-apple failed! Check out the build log: (web) (plain enhanced) (plain)

Click to see the possible cause of the failure (guessed by this bot)

fmt: checked 6337 files
tidy check
Checking tidy rustdoc_json...
No error code explanation was removed!
tidy error: /Users/runner/work/rust/rust/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs:4837: 23-line comment block with odd number of backticks
some tidy checks failed
Command `/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build/aarch64-apple-darwin/stage1-tools-bin/rust-tidy /Users/runner/work/rust/rust /Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build/aarch64-apple-darwin/stage0/bin/cargo /Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build 3 /opt/homebrew/bin/npm` failed with exit code 1
Created at: src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs:1548:23
Executed at: src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs:1296:29

Command has failed. Rerun with -v to see more details.
Bootstrap failed while executing `--stage 2 test --host=aarch64-apple-darwin --target=aarch64-apple-darwin`
Build completed unsuccessfully in 0:02:46
  local time: Mon Aug 25 15:57:01 UTC 2025
  network time: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 15:57:02 GMT
##[error]Process completed with exit code 1.

[rust-bors]

💔 Test for 87c5c88 failed: CI. Failed jobs:

• try - aarch64-apple (web logs, extended logs)

[rust-log-analyzer]

The job tidy failed! Check out the build log: (web) (plain enhanced) (plain)

Click to see the possible cause of the failure (guessed by this bot)

#15 2.774 Building wheels for collected packages: reuse
#15 2.775   Building wheel for reuse (pyproject.toml): started
#15 2.989   Building wheel for reuse (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
#15 2.990   Created wheel for reuse: filename=reuse-4.0.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_35_x86_64.whl size=132719 sha256=d2a2565e7037ad3883fb9337653f2e25bbb588534fbef3697286cbc26d1bf634
#15 2.990   Stored in directory: /tmp/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-spsp84hq/wheels/3d/8d/0a/e0fc6aba4494b28a967ab5eaf951c121d9c677958714e34532
#15 2.993 Successfully built reuse
#15 2.993 Installing collected packages: boolean-py, binaryornot, tomlkit, reuse, python-debian, markupsafe, license-expression, jinja2, chardet, attrs
#15 3.394 Successfully installed attrs-23.2.0 binaryornot-0.4.4 boolean-py-4.0 chardet-5.2.0 jinja2-3.1.4 license-expression-30.3.0 markupsafe-2.1.5 python-debian-0.1.49 reuse-4.0.3 tomlkit-0.13.0
#15 3.394 WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
#15 3.944 Collecting virtualenv
---
tidy check
Checking tidy rustdoc_json...
No error code explanation was removed!
tidy: Skipping binary file check, read-only filesystem
##[error]tidy error: /checkout/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs:4837: 23-line comment block with odd number of backticks
removing old virtual environment
creating virtual environment at '/checkout/obj/build/venv' using 'python3.10' and 'venv'
creating virtual environment at '/checkout/obj/build/venv' using 'python3.10' and 'virtualenv'
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./build/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages (25.2)
linting python files
---

added 291 packages in 37s
Running eslint on rustdoc JS files
info: ES-Check: there were no ES version matching errors!  🎉
some tidy checks failed
Command `/checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage1-tools-bin/rust-tidy /checkout /checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0/bin/cargo /checkout/obj/build 4 /node/bin/npm --extra-checks=py,cpp,js,spellcheck` failed with exit code 1
Created at: src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs:1548:23
Executed at: src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs:1296:29

Command has failed. Rerun with -v to see more details.
Bootstrap failed while executing `test src/tools/tidy tidyselftest --extra-checks=py,cpp,js,spellcheck`
Build completed unsuccessfully in 0:03:16
  local time: Mon Aug 25 15:58:14 UTC 2025
  network time: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 15:58:14 GMT
##[error]Process completed with exit code 1.

[bors]

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #145472) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.