ERR: Improve error message for cut with infinity in input and integer bins

[jschendel]

• closes Numpy 'inf' values cause pandas.cut to fail #24314
• tests added / passed
• passes git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff

Doesn't seem like a whatsnew entry is needed, since this is just changing the error message and not the actual behavior of cut. Can add an entry if deemed appropriate.

[pep8speaks]

Hello @jschendel! Thanks for submitting the PR.

• There are no PEP8 issues in the file pandas/core/reshape/tile.py !

• There are no PEP8 issues in the file pandas/tests/reshape/test_cut.py !

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #24327 into master will increase coverage by <.01%.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #24327      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.28%   92.28%   +<.01%     
==========================================
  Files         162      162              
  Lines       51831    51833       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits        47830    47832       +2     
  Misses       4001     4001

Flag	Coverage Δ
#multiple	90.68% <100%> (ø)	⬆️
#single	43% <0%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pandas/core/reshape/tile.py	94.82% <100%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

---

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #24327 into master will increase coverage by <.01%.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #24327      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.28%   92.28%   +<.01%     
==========================================
  Files         162      162              
  Lines       51831    51833       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits        47830    47832       +2     
  Misses       4001     4001

Flag	Coverage Δ
#multiple	90.68% <100%> (ø)	⬆️
#single	43% <0%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pandas/core/reshape/tile.py	94.82% <100%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

---

Continue to review full report at Codecov.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update 216986d...244a90b. Read the comment docs.

[jreback]

thanks @jschendel