test_runner: make it compatible with fake timers

[mcollina]

If setTimeout is monkey-patched, it might be missing the symbol. Moreover, we plan to remove it in the future anyway in #58689.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/test_runner

[rluvaton]

Can you please add a test?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.99%. Comparing base (2204587) to head (494d33b).
⚠️ Report is 748 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #59272      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.24%   89.99%   -0.26%     
==========================================
  Files         630      649      +19     
  Lines      185688   192130    +6442     
  Branches    36403    37651    +1248     
==========================================
+ Hits       167569   172900    +5331     
- Misses      10997    11850     +853     
- Partials     7122     7380     +258     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/test_runner/test.js	97.37% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

... and 316 files with indirect coverage changes

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