src: use custom TryCatch subclass

[devsnek]

pulled out of #23926

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• commit message follows commit guidelines

[nodejs-github-bot]

@devsnek build started: https://ci.nodejs.org/blue/organizations/jenkins/node-test-pull-request-lite-pipeline/detail/node-test-pull-request-lite-pipeline/1745/pipeline

[joyeecheung]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/19087/

[devsnek]

CI https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/19152/

[devsnek]

landed in f084e06

[Trott]

This is getting-the-word-out and not a complaint/criticism, as the rule changed less than two months ago and not everyone has gotten the memo yet:

This should not have landed without a second review or waiting until it had been open 7 days. https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/COLLABORATOR_GUIDE.md#code-reviews:

At least two Collaborators must approve a pull request before the pull request lands. (One Collaborator approval is enough if the pull request has been open for more than 7 days.)

[devsnek]

@Trott thanks, i'll remember that in the future 👍

[joyeecheung]

Should be fixed by nodejs/node-core-utils#290 (I just updated the branch), anyone wants to take a look?

[BethGriggs]

This change does not land cleanly on v10.x-staging. I've added the backport-requested-v10.x label, but feel free to swap to dont-land-on- if this change shouldn't land on v10.x.