Revert overly permissive indexed access constraints

[ahejlsberg]

Reverts #53059 and adds appropriate regression tests.

Fixes #54522.
Fixes #54837.

[DanielRosenwasser]

any reason this file needed to be deleted? Also, why is the baseline not removed?

[ahejlsberg]

We can keep it, though I'm not really sure what a failing test like that demonstrates.

[DanielRosenwasser]

Well presumably we had no other coverage before, right? Maybe I've misunderstood.

[jcalz]

Hope this gets merged soon, people are starting to use the lack of errors on stuff like

function what<T extends object>(t: T, k: keyof T) {    
    t[k] * 2; // no error
    JSON.parse(t[k]) // no error
}

in the wild, or at least in answering Stack Overflow questions