[clang] template specialization + member function template with default arg and alignof crash

[rfenelus]

template<typename TemplateParam>
struct Problem{
  template<typename FunctionTemplateParam>
  void Func(int param = alignof(FunctionTemplateParam));
};

template <>
template<typename FunctionTemplateParam>
void Problem<int>::Func(int param) {}

int main(){
    Problem<int> p = {};
    p.Func<char>();
}

This bit of code causes a crash where it correctly compiles in msvc and gcc. With my local clang install (windows, x64) it seems to at least compile successfully replacing alignof with sizeof but I can't reproduce this behavior on godbolt.
Godbolt

[shafik]

Confirmed: https://godbolt.org/z/8a5Gdchfx

Assertion:

clang++: /root/llvm-project/clang/lib/AST/ExprConstant.cpp:15657:
llvm::APSInt clang::Expr::EvaluateKnownConstInt(const clang::ASTContext&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<clang::SourceLocation, clang::PartialDiagnostic> >*) const: 
Assertion `!isValueDependent() && "Expression evaluator can't be called on a dependent expression."' failed.

Backtrace:

PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/ and include the crash backtrace, preprocessed source, and associated run script.
Stack dump:
0.	Program arguments: /opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang++ -gdwarf-4 -g -o /app/output.s -mllvm --x86-asm-syntax=intel -S --gcc-toolchain=/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-snapshot -fcolor-diagnostics -fno-crash-diagnostics -std=c++11 <source>
1.	<eof> parser at end of file
2.	<source>:11:5: LLVM IR generation of declaration 'main'
3.	<source>:11:5: Generating code for declaration 'main'
 #0 0x00000000037217e8 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x37217e8)
 #1 0x000000000371f4ac llvm::sys::CleanupOnSignal(unsigned long) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x371f4ac)
 #2 0x0000000003668058 CrashRecoverySignalHandler(int) CrashRecoveryContext.cpp:0:0
 #3 0x00007f2bc0d43420 __restore_rt (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0+0x14420)
 #4 0x00007f2bc080600b raise (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x4300b)
 #5 0x00007f2bc07e5859 abort (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x22859)
 #6 0x00007f2bc07e5729 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x22729)
 #7 0x00007f2bc07f6fd6 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x33fd6)
 #8 0x0000000006fca023 (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x6fca023)
 #9 0x0000000003e63d83 (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr(clang::UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr const*) (.isra.0) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#10 0x0000000003e76258 clang::StmtVisitorBase<std::add_pointer, (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter, llvm::Value*>::Visit(clang::Stmt*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#11 0x0000000003e77e2b (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter::Visit(clang::Expr*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#12 0x0000000003e7db3a (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter::VisitCastExpr(clang::CastExpr*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#13 0x0000000003e763f7 clang::StmtVisitorBase<std::add_pointer, (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter, llvm::Value*>::Visit(clang::Stmt*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#14 0x0000000003e77e2b (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter::Visit(clang::Expr*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#15 0x0000000003e767a2 clang::StmtVisitorBase<std::add_pointer, (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter, llvm::Value*>::Visit(clang::Stmt*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#16 0x0000000003e7bf3c clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitScalarExpr(clang::Expr const*, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e7bf3c)
#17 0x0000000003e13d36 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExpr(clang::Expr const*, clang::CodeGen::AggValueSlot, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e13d36)
#18 0x0000000003e14a90 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExprToTemp(clang::Expr const*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e14a90)
#19 0x0000000003d9deee clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCallArg(clang::CodeGen::CallArgList&, clang::Expr const*, clang::QualType) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3d9deee)
#20 0x0000000003da8257 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCallArgs(clang::CodeGen::CallArgList&, clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::PrototypeWrapper, llvm::iterator_range<clang::Stmt::CastIterator<clang::Expr, clang::Expr const* const, clang::Stmt const* const>>, clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::AbstractCallee, unsigned int, clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EvaluationOrder) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3da8257)
#21 0x0000000003e4e3f2 commonEmitCXXMemberOrOperatorCall(clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction&, clang::GlobalDecl, llvm::Value*, llvm::Value*, clang::QualType, clang::CallExpr const*, clang::CodeGen::CallArgList&, clang::CodeGen::CallArgList*) CGExprCXX.cpp:0:0
#22 0x0000000003e4ecd4 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberOrOperatorCall(clang::CXXMethodDecl const*, clang::CodeGen::CGCallee const&, clang::CodeGen::ReturnValueSlot, llvm::Value*, llvm::Value*, clang::QualType, clang::CallExpr const*, clang::CodeGen::CallArgList*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e4ecd4)
#23 0x0000000003e504d1 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberOrOperatorMemberCallExpr(clang::CallExpr const*, clang::CXXMethodDecl const*, clang::CodeGen::ReturnValueSlot, bool, clang::NestedNameSpecifier*, bool, clang::Expr const*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e504d1)
#24 0x0000000003e5141c clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXMemberCallExpr(clang::CXXMemberCallExpr const*, clang::CodeGen::ReturnValueSlot) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e5141c)
#25 0x0000000003e37676 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCallExpr(clang::CallExpr const*, clang::CodeGen::ReturnValueSlot) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e37676)
#26 0x0000000003e7f199 (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter::VisitCallExpr(clang::CallExpr const*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#27 0x0000000003e76079 clang::StmtVisitorBase<std::add_pointer, (anonymous namespace)::ScalarExprEmitter, llvm::Value*>::Visit(clang::Stmt*) CGExprScalar.cpp:0:0
#28 0x0000000003e7bf3c clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitScalarExpr(clang::Expr const*, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e7bf3c)
#29 0x0000000003e13d36 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExpr(clang::Expr const*, clang::CodeGen::AggValueSlot, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e13d36)
#30 0x0000000003e352db clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitIgnoredExpr(clang::Expr const*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3e352db)
#31 0x0000000003a3c092 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitStmt(clang::Stmt const*, llvm::ArrayRef<clang::Attr const*>) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a3c092)
#32 0x0000000003a4252c clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitCompoundStmtWithoutScope(clang::CompoundStmt const&, bool, clang::CodeGen::AggValueSlot) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a4252c)
#33 0x0000000003aa1a96 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::EmitFunctionBody(clang::Stmt const*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3aa1a96)
#34 0x0000000003ab4b5a clang::CodeGen::CodeGenFunction::GenerateCode(clang::GlobalDecl, llvm::Function*, clang::CodeGen::CGFunctionInfo const&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3ab4b5a)
#35 0x0000000003b15963 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalFunctionDefinition(clang::GlobalDecl, llvm::GlobalValue*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b15963)
#36 0x0000000003b10b35 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenModule::EmitGlobalDefinition(clang::GlobalDecl, llvm::GlobalValue*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b10b35)
#37 0x0000000003b110fb clang::CodeGen::CodeGenModule::EmitGlobal(clang::GlobalDecl) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b110fb)
#38 0x0000000003b1a463 clang::CodeGen::CodeGenModule::EmitTopLevelDecl(clang::Decl*) (.part.0) CodeGenModule.cpp:0:0
#39 0x000000000498da96 (anonymous namespace)::CodeGeneratorImpl::HandleTopLevelDecl(clang::DeclGroupRef) ModuleBuilder.cpp:0:0
#40 0x000000000497eb58 clang::BackendConsumer::HandleTopLevelDecl(clang::DeclGroupRef) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x497eb58)
#41 0x0000000005e89c84 clang::ParseAST(clang::Sema&, bool, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x5e89c84)
#42 0x000000000498b388 clang::CodeGenAction::ExecuteAction() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x498b388)
#43 0x00000000041f0b09 clang::FrontendAction::Execute() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x41f0b09)
#44 0x0000000004171fde clang::CompilerInstance::ExecuteAction(clang::FrontendAction&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4171fde)
#45 0x00000000042cfcae clang::ExecuteCompilerInvocation(clang::CompilerInstance*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x42cfcae)
#46 0x0000000000bef2d6 cc1_main(llvm::ArrayRef<char const*>, char const*, void*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xbef2d6)
#47 0x0000000000be6b9a ExecuteCC1Tool(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<char const*>&, llvm::ToolContext const&) driver.cpp:0:0
#48 0x0000000003fce1a9 void llvm::function_ref<void ()>::callback_fn<clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const::'lambda'()>(long) Job.cpp:0:0
#49 0x0000000003668504 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::RunSafely(llvm::function_ref<void ()>) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3668504)
#50 0x0000000003fce79f clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const (.part.0) Job.cpp:0:0
#51 0x0000000003f96965 clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteCommand(clang::driver::Command const&, clang::driver::Command const*&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3f96965)
#52 0x0000000003f973cd clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteJobs(clang::driver::JobList const&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3f973cd)
#53 0x0000000003f9f2f5 clang::driver::Driver::ExecuteCompilation(clang::driver::Compilation&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3f9f2f5)
#54 0x0000000000bec77c clang_main(int, char**, llvm::ToolContext const&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xbec77c)
#55 0x0000000000ae6c91 main (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xae6c91)
#56 0x00007f2bc07e7083 __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x24083)
#57 0x0000000000be667e _start (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-assertions-trunk/bin/clang+++0xbe667e)
clang++: error: clang frontend command failed with exit code 134 (use -v to see invocation)
Compiler returned: 134

[llvmbot]

@llvm/issue-subscribers-clang-codegen

```c++ template<typename TemplateParam> struct Problem{ template<typename FunctionTemplateParam> void Func(int param = alignof(FunctionTemplateParam)); };

template <>
template<typename FunctionTemplateParam>
void Problem<int>::Func(int param) {}

int main(){
Problem<int> p = {};
p.Func<char>();
}

This bit of code causes a crash where it correctly compiles in msvc and gcc. With my local clang install (windows, x64) it seems to at least compile successfully replacing alignof with sizeof but I can't reproduce this behavior on godbolt.
[Godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/4zhT1eP8s)
</details>

[llvmbot]

@llvm/issue-subscribers-clang-frontend

Author: None (rfenelus)

```c++ template<typename TemplateParam> struct Problem{ template<typename FunctionTemplateParam> void Func(int param = alignof(FunctionTemplateParam)); };

template <>
template<typename FunctionTemplateParam>
void Problem<int>::Func(int param) {}

int main(){
Problem<int> p = {};
p.Func<char>();
}

This bit of code causes a crash where it correctly compiles in msvc and gcc. With my local clang install (windows, x64) it seems to at least compile successfully replacing alignof with sizeof but I can't reproduce this behavior on godbolt.
[Godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/4zhT1eP8s)
</details>