x/build: add linux-amd64-bookworm builder

[cagedmantis]

Debian 12.0 (bookworm) has been released and designated the current stable release. We should add a builder for the amd64 GOARCH.

@golang/release

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/503318 mentions this issue: dashboard, env/linux-x86-bookworm: add Debian 12 Bookworm builder

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/506337 mentions this issue: dashboard, env/linux-x86-bookworm: remove known issue tag