Improve stacktrace of manually captured exceptions on iOS

[buenaflor]

Note: this will mess up issue grouping because it changes the stacktrace

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📜 Description

Improve stacktrace of manually captured exceptions on iOS - unhandled exceptions already work well

💡 Motivation and Context

On iOS, when calling captureException() with a Kotlin Throwable, the stack trace shows where captureException() was called, not where the exception was instantiated.

Example

try {
    UserApi.fetchUser()  // Exception thrown HERE
} catch (e: Exception) {
    ErrorHandler.report(e)  // captureException called HERE
}

Expected stack trace: UserApi.fetchUser() → ...
Actual stack trace: ErrorHandler.report() → ...

This works correctly on Android, but not on iOS.

Cause

SentrySDK.captureException() in Sentry Cocoa ignores the NSException's callStackReturnAddresses() and captures a fresh stack trace at call time.

Fix

Instead of calling SentrySDK.captureException(), we now:

1. Create a SentryEvent directly
2. Extract the correct stack trace from the NSException using NSExceptionKt_SentryCrashStackCursorFromNSException()
3. Send via SentrySDK.captureEvent()

This is the same approach already used for unhandled exceptions in SentryUnhandledExceptions.kt (the old way at least).

Fixes #341 and #77

💚 How did you test it?

Currently only manually. I tried running integration and e2e tests but the issue is that the frames are obfuscated so I need to find a way to do an e2e test where dsyms are also uploaded - probably run through one of the examples

Before:

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After:

📝 Checklist

You have to check all boxes before merging:

• I reviewed the submitted code.
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.

🔮 Next steps

[remvst]

Can't say I'm very familiar with the codebase, but LGTM based on the PR description.

Thank you for taking care of this 🙏

[romtsn]

Nice work!