ref(replay-internal): Add mechanism to error caught by replayIntegration in debug mode

[Lms24]

Decided to go with handled: true since we handle the error but only optionally send it to sentry for debug purposes

closes #17265

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	24.17 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	22.75 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	40.16 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	78.53 kB	+0.04%	+27 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	68.27 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	83.22 kB	+0.04%	+30 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	95.43 kB	+0.04%	+31 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	40.9 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	28.82 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	33.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/react	25.91 kB	-	-
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	42.15 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue	28.66 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	41.97 kB	-	-
@sentry/svelte	24.2 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle	25.76 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	40.04 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	76.32 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	81.79 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	75.28 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	118.51 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	233.6 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	246.37 kB	-	-
@sentry/nextjs (client)	44.15 kB	-	-
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	40.6 kB	-	-
@sentry/node-core	49.85 kB	-	-
@sentry/node	151.13 kB	-	-
@sentry/node - without tracing	91.73 kB	-	-
@sentry/aws-serverless	105.18 kB	-	-

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