Support prepared statement column name & type accessors (new in 1.4.0)

[jraymakers]

New functions:

• duckdb_prepared_statement_column_count
• duckdb_prepared_statement_column_name
• duckdb_prepared_statement_column_logical_type
• duckdb_prepared_statement_column_type

[jraymakers]

Implemented in #328.

[davidgovea]

Hi @jraymakers! It's great to see the continued progress on the new client here. I'm particularly excited about working with the new arrow functions.

The structure of this project is easy to understand, and I attempted this issue as an exercise to work toward more complex additions: davidgovea#1
Looks very similar, nice.
Also have attempts for #296 and #298, but still a bit wip.

If it's helpful, I can continue & submit PRs to this repo, but in any case keep it up! 🙌

[jraymakers]

Thanks for the contribution, @davidgovea! I actually implemented this just a few days ago; see the PR linked above (#328). It's nearly identical to yours!

I haven't started work on #296 or #298, though. #296 might take a bit more thought; I'm not sure yet whether error_data should be exposed directly or wrapped in a JS Error. #298 is likely more straightforward, though it does require introducing a new type, which involves a bit more infrastructure.

[jraymakers]

Released in 1.4.1-r.5.