[release/8.0-staging] Add required MSBuild package dependencies

[NikolaMilosavljevic]

Backport of https://github.com/dotnet/installer/blob/release/8.0.1xx/src/SourceBuild/patches/runtime/0002-Update-MSBuild-dependencies.patch

Fixes: #101395

Source-build requires explicit package versions and references for all dependencies. This PR backports the long-standing patch. It would help avoid issues with frequent patch updates.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates the Microsoft.Build package references by replacing version variable references with hardcoded version strings and adds explicit dependency tracking entries.

Key Changes

• Replaced MSBuild version variables ($(MicrosoftBuildVersion)) with hardcoded version string 17.8.3 for three MSBuild components
• Added explicit dependency tracking entries in Version.Details.xml for the three MSBuild packages

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
eng/Versions.props	Replaced variable references with hardcoded version 17.8.3 for MSBuild Tasks, Framework, and Utilities packages
eng/Version.Details.xml	Added dependency tracking entries for MSBuild Framework, Tasks Core, and Utilities Core packages

[NikolaMilosavljevic]

Marking as Servicing-approved as this is an infra-only change.

[NikolaMilosavljevic]

Test failures seem to be the same as those seen in other PRs, i.e. #121150

One example:

    System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Tests.ChainTests.BuildChain [FAIL]
      Chain built validly
      Expected: True
      Actual:   False
      Stack Trace:
        /_/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography/tests/X509Certificates/ChainTests.cs(57,0): at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Tests.ChainTests.BuildChain()

@bartonjs @vcsjones is this issue tracked somewhere? Test failure

[bartonjs]

@NikolaMilosavljevic looks like #120527

[NikolaMilosavljevic]

All errors in checks are unrelated to my changes. Can this be merged now?

@akoeplinger @ericstj

[ericstj]

/ba-g build timeouts