Update sorting_algorithms.py #12
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Summary of Changes
Hello @atharvsabdeai, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!
This pull request performs a minor cleanup in sorting_algorithms.py by removing an initial descriptive comment block. The change aims to streamline the file by eliminating non-functional introductory text, making the actual code more prominent.
Highlights
- Code Cleanup: Removed a multi-line comment block from the beginning of
sorting_algorithms.py. This comment previously described the script's purpose and listed the included sorting algorithms.
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Code Review
This pull request removes the module-level docstring from sorting_algorithms.py. While this change doesn't impact the code's functionality, it harms maintainability by removing important context about the file's purpose. My review recommends restoring the docstring to adhere to standard Python conventions (PEP 257) and improve code clarity for future readers.
sorting_algorithms.py
Outdated
| - Selection Sort | ||
| - Insertion Sort | ||
| - Native Python sort() and sorted() | ||
| """ | ||
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The module-level docstring has been removed. Module docstrings are important for maintainability as they provide a high-level overview of the file's purpose and contents. This is recommended by Python's style guide, PEP 257.1
Please consider re-adding the docstring to explain what this script does, as it was a helpful summary of the included algorithms.
"""
Sorting Algorithms Comparison Script
Includes:
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Native Python sort() and sorted()
"""Style Guide References
Footnotes
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PEP 257: "The docstring for a module should generally list the classes, exceptions and functions (and any other objects) that are exported by the module, with a one-line summary of each... All modules should normally have docstrings..." ↩
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testing comment |
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Solid Implementation - Let's Address Consistency and Efficiency Issues!
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| def bubble_sort(arr): | ||
| """ | ||
| Performs in-place Bubble Sort on a list. |
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Missing Module-Level Docstring
The PR removes the module-level docstring that provided important context about the file's purpose and contents. Module-level docstrings are essential for maintainability as they help developers understand the purpose and contents of a module without having to read through the implementation details. The removal of this documentation reduces the code's self-documenting nature and makes it harder for new developers to understand the module's purpose.
| def bubble_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs in-place Bubble Sort on a list. | |
| """ | |
| Sorting Algorithms Comparison Script | |
| Includes: | |
| - Bubble Sort | |
| - Selection Sort | |
| - Insertion Sort | |
| - Merge Sort | |
| - Native Python sort() and sorted() | |
| """ |
Standard: PEP 257 - Python Docstring Conventions, Google Python Style Guide - Documentation
| def merge_sort(arr): | ||
| """ | ||
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | ||
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | ||
| """ | ||
| if len(arr) <= 1: | ||
| return arr | ||
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| mid = len(arr) // 2 | ||
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | ||
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | ||
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| return merge(left, right) | ||
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Inconsistent Return Behavior in Sorting Algorithms
The merge_sort function is implemented as a non-in-place algorithm that returns a new sorted list, while the other sorting functions (bubble_sort, selection_sort, insertion_sort) modify the input list in-place and don't return anything. This inconsistency creates a logical error in how the functions are used in the test code, where arr4 is not being modified but arr4_sorted holds the sorted result. This breaks the pattern established by the other sorting functions and could lead to confusion or bugs when these functions are used interchangeably.
| def merge_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | |
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | |
| """ | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return arr | |
| mid = len(arr) // 2 | |
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | |
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | |
| return merge(left, right) | |
| def merge_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort. | |
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | |
| This is not an in-place implementation, but modifies the input list | |
| to maintain consistency with other sorting functions. | |
| """ | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return | |
| # Create a temporary array for the sorted result | |
| temp_arr = arr.copy() | |
| mid = len(arr) // 2 | |
| left_half = temp_arr[:mid] | |
| right_half = temp_arr[mid:] | |
| merge_sort(left_half) | |
| merge_sort(right_half) | |
| merged = merge(left_half, right_half) | |
| # Copy the sorted result back to the original array | |
| for i in range(len(merged)): | |
| arr[i] = merged[i] |
Standard: Design by Contract - Interface Consistency Principle
| def merge_sort(arr): | ||
| """ | ||
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | ||
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | ||
| """ | ||
| if len(arr) <= 1: | ||
| return arr | ||
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| mid = len(arr) // 2 | ||
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | ||
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | ||
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| return merge(left, right) | ||
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Inefficient Space Complexity in Merge Sort Implementation
The current merge_sort implementation creates multiple new arrays during recursion (arr[:mid] and arr[mid:]), resulting in O(n log n) space complexity. For large datasets, this can lead to excessive memory usage and potential performance degradation. Each recursive call allocates new memory for the subarrays, which is inefficient compared to an in-place implementation that would use O(n) auxiliary space.
| def merge_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | |
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | |
| """ | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return arr | |
| mid = len(arr) // 2 | |
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | |
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | |
| return merge(left, right) | |
| def merge_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort with improved space complexity. | |
| Uses an auxiliary array to reduce memory allocations. | |
| """ | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return arr.copy() | |
| # Create auxiliary array once | |
| result = arr.copy() | |
| aux = [0] * len(arr) | |
| return _merge_sort_internal(result, aux, 0, len(arr) - 1) | |
| def _merge_sort_internal(arr, aux, low, high): | |
| """Helper function for merge sort implementation.""" | |
| if low >= high: | |
| return arr | |
| mid = (low + high) // 2 | |
| _merge_sort_internal(arr, aux, low, mid) | |
| _merge_sort_internal(arr, aux, mid + 1, high) | |
| _merge(arr, aux, low, mid, high) | |
| return arr |
Standard: Algorithm Optimization Best Practices - Memory Efficiency in Recursive Algorithms
| def merge_sort(arr): | ||
| """ | ||
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | ||
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | ||
| """ | ||
| if len(arr) <= 1: | ||
| return arr | ||
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| mid = len(arr) // 2 | ||
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | ||
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | ||
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| return merge(left, right) |
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Potential Stack Overflow in Recursive Merge Sort Implementation
The merge_sort function uses unbounded recursion without a depth limit. For very large arrays, this could lead to a stack overflow, potentially causing a denial of service. While Python's default recursion limit (typically 1000) provides some protection, this implementation doesn't account for that limit and could exhaust available stack space with sufficiently large inputs.
| def merge_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | |
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | |
| """ | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return arr | |
| mid = len(arr) // 2 | |
| left = merge_sort(arr[:mid]) | |
| right = merge_sort(arr[mid:]) | |
| return merge(left, right) | |
| import sys | |
| def merge_sort(arr, max_depth=sys.getrecursionlimit() - 100): | |
| """ | |
| Performs Merge Sort (not in-place). | |
| Recursively divides the list and merges sorted halves. | |
| Includes a maximum recursion depth check to prevent stack overflow. | |
| """ | |
| def _merge_sort_recursive(arr, depth=0): | |
| if len(arr) <= 1: | |
| return arr | |
| if depth >= max_depth: | |
| # Fall back to Python's built-in sort for very deep recursions | |
| result = arr.copy() | |
| result.sort() | |
| return result | |
| mid = len(arr) // 2 | |
| left = _merge_sort_recursive(arr[:mid], depth + 1) | |
| right = _merge_sort_recursive(arr[mid:], depth + 1) | |
| return merge(left, right) | |
| return _merge_sort_recursive(arr) |
Standard: CWE-674
Standard: OWASP Top 10 2021: A06:2021-Vulnerable and Outdated Components
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Code Review: Sorting Algorithms Implementation👍 Well Done
📌 Files Processed
📝 Additional Comments
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| - Insertion Sort | ||
| - Native Python sort() and sorted() | ||
| """ | ||
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| def bubble_sort(arr): |
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Missing Module Documentation
Module-level docstring was removed, eliminating critical context about the module's purpose and contents. This reduces maintainability by forcing developers to infer the module's role from individual functions.
| def bubble_sort(arr): | |
| """ | |
| Sorting Algorithms Comparison Script | |
| Includes: | |
| - Bubble Sort | |
| - Selection Sort | |
| - Insertion Sort | |
| - Merge Sort | |
| - Native Python sort() and sorted() | |
| """ |
Standards
- Clean-Code-Documentation
- Maintainability-Context
- Clean-Code-Comments
| def merge(left, right): | ||
| """ | ||
| Helper function to merge two sorted lists. | ||
| """ | ||
| result = [] | ||
| i = j = 0 | ||
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| # Merge the two halves | ||
| while i < len(left) and j < len(right): | ||
| if left[i] <= right[j]: | ||
| result.append(left[i]) | ||
| i += 1 | ||
| else: | ||
| result.append(right[j]) | ||
| j += 1 |
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Inefficient Merge Implementation
Using append() in a loop creates O(n) operations for each append as list may need resizing. This impacts merge sort performance, especially with large arrays.
| def merge(left, right): | |
| """ | |
| Helper function to merge two sorted lists. | |
| """ | |
| result = [] | |
| i = j = 0 | |
| # Merge the two halves | |
| while i < len(left) and j < len(right): | |
| if left[i] <= right[j]: | |
| result.append(left[i]) | |
| i += 1 | |
| else: | |
| result.append(right[j]) | |
| j += 1 | |
| def merge(left, right): | |
| """ | |
| Helper function to merge two sorted lists. | |
| """ | |
| result = [0] * (len(left) + len(right)) | |
| i = j = k = 0 | |
| # Merge the two halves | |
| while i < len(left) and j < len(right): | |
| if left[i] <= right[j]: | |
| result[k] = left[i] | |
| i += 1 | |
| else: | |
| result[k] = right[j] | |
| j += 1 | |
| k += 1 | |
| # Append any remaining elements | |
| while i < len(left): | |
| result[k] = left[i] | |
| i += 1 | |
| k += 1 | |
| while j < len(right): | |
| result[k] = right[j] | |
| j += 1 | |
| k += 1 | |
| return result |
Standards
- ISO-IEC-25010-Performance-Time-Behaviour
- Algorithm-Opt-Memory-Allocation
- Algorithm-Opt-List-Operations
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PR already reviewed at the latest commit: 6d03bbe. |
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PR already reviewed at the latest commit: 6d03bbe. |
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/refacto-test |
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PR already reviewed at the latest commit: 6d03bbe. |
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/refacto-test |
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PR already reviewed at the latest commit: 6d03bbe. |
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PR already reviewed at the latest commit: 6d03bbe. |
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