[C++][FlightPRC][Arrow Flight SQL ODBC] Support descriptor fields `SQLGetDescField` and `SQLSetDescField`

### Describe the enhancement requested

AC:
- Implement ODBC APIs for [`SQLGetDescField`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/syntax/sqlgetdescfield-function?view=sql-server-ver17) and [`SQLSetDescField`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/syntax/sqlsetdescfield-function?view=sql-server-ver17) support.




### Component(s)

C++, FlightRPC