[Cosmos] Public API cleanup for query_items API

[allenkim0129]

Description

Tackling the bullet point items related to query_items for GA release: #43211

• overloads for the query_items methods are all missing return types
• query_items overloads should be updated to reflect the behavior being outlined here:

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR addresses missing return types and parameter requirements for the query_items method overloads in the Azure Cosmos DB SDK, as part of the GA release preparation. The changes ensure type safety and clarify the API contract by making certain parameters required rather than optional.

• Updates overload signatures to include proper return type annotations
• Changes partition_key and feed_range parameters from optional to required in specific overloads
• Adds a new overload for cross-partition queries without partition key or feed range constraints

[github-actions]

API Change Check

APIView identified API level changes in this PR and created the following API reviews

azure-cosmos

[bambriz]

LGTM, just note there might be some merge conflicts with _PartitionKeyType usage as the other pr changes those to be PartitionKeyType, but it shouldn't be a difficult thing to resolve.

[allenkim0129]

LGTM, just note there might be some merge conflicts with _PartitionKeyType usage as the other pr changes those to be PartitionKeyType, but it shouldn't be a difficult thing to resolve.

I tested with merge main branch and it diden't cause conflict.