Add documentation for GPIO pins

Author: TheZoq2

examples/dynamic_gpio.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use nb::block;
 use cortex_m_rt::entry;
 use cortex_m_semihosting::hprintln;
 use embedded_hal::digital::v2::{InputPin, OutputPin};
-use stm32f1xx_hal::{gpio::State, pac, prelude::*, timer::Timer};
+use stm32f1xx_hal::{pac, prelude::*, timer::Timer};
 
 #[entry]
 fn main() -> ! {

src/gpio.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,76 @@
 //! # General Purpose I/Os
 //!
+//! The GPIO pins are organised into groups of 16 pins callled which can be accessed through the
+//! `gpioa`, `gpiob`... modules. To get access to the pins, you first need to convert them into a
+//! HAL designed struct from the `pac` struct using the `spilit` function.
+//! ```rust
+//! // Acquire the GPIOC peripheral
+//! // NOTE: `dp` is the device peripherals from the `PAC` crate
+//! let mut gpioa = dp.GPIOA.split(&mut rcc.apb2);
+//! ```
+//!
+//! This gives you a struct containing two control registers `crl` and `crh` and all the pins
+//! `px0..px15`. These structs are what you use to interract with the pins to chagne their modes,
+//! or their inputs or outputs. For example, to set `pa5` high, you would call
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! let output = gpioa.pa5.into_push_pull_output(&mut gpioa.crl);
+//! output.set_high();
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Each GPIO pin can be set to various modes:
+//!
+//! - **Alternate**: Pin mode required when the pin is driven by other peripherals
+//! - **Dynamic**: Pin mode is selected at runtime. See changing configurations for more details
+//! - Input
+//!     - **PullUp**: Input connected to high with a weak pull up resistor. Will be high when nothing
+//!     is connected
+//!     - **PullDown**: Input connected to high with a weak pull up resistor. Will be low when nothing
+//!     is connected
+//!     - **Floating**: Input not pulled to high or low. Will be undefined when nothing is connected
+//! - Output
+//!     - **PushPull**: Output which either drives the pin high or low
+//!     - **OpenDrain**: Output which leaves the gate floating, or pulls it do ground in drain
+//!     mode. Can be used as an input in the `open` configuration
+//! - **Debugger**: Some pins start out being used by the debugger. A pin in this mode can only be
+//! used if the debugger has been turned off
+//!
+//! ## Changing modes
+//! The simplest way to change the pin mode is to use the `into_<mode>` functions. These return a
+//! new struct with the correct mode that you can use the input or output functions on.
+//!
+//! If you need a more temporary mode change, and can not use the `into_<mode>` functions for
+//! ownership reasons, you can use the `as_<mode>` functions to temporarily change the pin type, do
+//! some output or input, and then have it change back once done.
+//!
+//! ### Dynamic Mode Change
+//! The above mode change methods guarantee that you can only call input functions when the pin is
+//! in input mode, and output when in output modes, but can lead to some issues. Therefore, there
+//! is also a mode where the state is kept track of at runtime, allowing you to change the mode
+//! often, and without problems with ownership, or references, at the cost of some performance and
+//! the risk of runtime errors.
+//!
+//! To make a pin dynamic, use the `into_dynamic` function, and then use `make_<mode>` functions to
+//! change the mode
+//!
+//! ## Accessing PA15, PB3, and PB14
+//!
+//! These pins are used by the JTAG peripheral by default. To use them in your program, you need to
+//! disable that peripheral. This is done using the `afio::MAPR::disable_jtag` function
+//!
 //! # Interfacing with v1 traits
 //!
-//! `embedded-hal` has two versions of the digital traits, `v2` which is used
-//! by this crate and `v1` which is deprecated but still used by a lot of drivers.
-//! If you want to use such a driver with this crate, you need to convert the digital pins to the `v1` type.
+//! `embedded-hal` has two versions of the digital traits, `v2` which is used by this crate and
+//! `v1` which is deprecated but still used by a lot of drivers.  If you want to use such a driver
+//! with this crate, you need to convert the digital pins to the `v1` type.
 //!
 //! This is done using `embedded-hal::digital::v1_compat::OldOutputPin`. For example:
 //!
 //! ```rust
 //! let nss = gpioa.pa4.into_push_pull_output(&mut gpioa.crl);
 //! let mut mfrc522 = Mfrc522::new(spi, OldOutputPin::from(nss)).unwrap();
 //! ```
-//!
+
 
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
@@ -104,6 +162,8 @@ pub enum Dynamic {
     OutputOpenDrain,
 }
 
+impl Active for Dynamic {}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum PinModeError {
     IncorrectMode,