Divergence checker does not detect loop with higher-kinded type and by-name implicit

[smarter]

Minimized code

This is exactly the same code as #9504, but the implicit parameter has been marked as by-name:

trait Monad[F[_]] {
  def foo[A](fa: F[A]): Unit = {}
}

class Bla[F[_], A]

object Test {
  type Id[A] = A

  val bla: Bla[Id, Unit] = ???
  implicit def blaMonad[F[_], S](implicit ev: => Monad[F]): Monad[({type L[X] = Bla[F, X]})#L] = ???

  blaMonad.foo(bla) // diverges
}

Expectation

It should behave like the non by-name case and error out immediately (this bug also affects #9523 where an existing testcase with a by-name implicit is not caught by the divergence checker anymore)

[smarter]

@odersky Do you think you could have a look at this one too?