Type mismatch calling interface with method override

[tpetillot]

Reproduction steps

Scala version: 2.13.12

Java interfaces:

interface Parent {
  default Object bug() {
    return "Hello world";
  }
}

interface Child extends Parent {
  @Override
  String bug();
}

Problem

Do compile in Java:

public class MainJava {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      Child child = null;
      String value = child.bug();
  }
}

Do not compile in Scala:

object MainScala {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val child: Child = null
    val value: String = child.bug()
  }
}

Result:

[error] type mismatch;
[error] found   : Object
[error] required: String
[error]     val value: String = child.bug()

Java and Scala implementation should have the same behavior.

[som-snytt]

In Scala 2, concrete definitions override abstract declarations, even when defined in Java.

That changed in Scala 3, so this compiles under dotty.

Not sure whether Scala 2 should complain about the types, but possibly it's just a limitation.

[tpetillot]

@som-snytt thanks for your response.

As background, this limitation disrupts compatibility with the builder mechanism in aws-sdk-java-v2

SdkPresigner.java#L81C9-L81C9

S3Presigner.java#L589

Since version 2.21.0 released 5 days ago.

[sugmanue]

+1 this is a bug report for the S3Presigner.java mentioned by @tpetillot. Here is a small reproducible test case that breaks with Scala 2.

Using the following Java interfaces and class,

public interface InterfaceA {

    InterfaceA anotherMethod();

    default InterfaceA defaultedMethod() {
        return this;
    }
}

public interface InterfaceB extends InterfaceA {

    @Override
    InterfaceB anotherMethod();

    @Override
    InterfaceB defaultedMethod();
}

public class InterfaceBImpl implements InterfaceB {

    @Override
    public InterfaceB anotherMethod() {
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public InterfaceB defaultedMethod() {
        return this;
    }

    public InterfaceB doSomething() {
        return this;
    }

    public static InterfaceBImpl instance() {
        return new InterfaceBImpl();
    }
}

This method compiles and works fine in Java.

public static void main(String[] args) {
    InterfaceBImpl.instance()
            .doSomething()
            .anotherMethod()
            .defaultedMethod()
            .anotherMethod();       
}

Whereas using Scala:

  def getInterfaceB(): InterfaceB =
    InterfaceBImpl
      .instance()
      .doSomething()
      .anotherMethod()
      .defaultedMethod()
      .anotherMethod()

I get an error similar to

/home/sugmanue/ScalaBug.scala:80:21: type mismatch;
 found   : test.InterfaceA
 required: test.InterfaceB
      .anotherMethod()?
test.InterfaceA <: test.InterfaceB?
false
 one error found

[lrytz]

In Scala 2, concrete definitions override abstract declarations, even when defined in Java.

That changed in Scala 3, so this compiles under dotty.

Did it change in Scala 3?

scala> trait T { def m: T = this }
trai// defined trait T

scala> trait U extends T { override def m: U }
-- [E164] Declaration Error: ---------------------------------------------------
1 |trait U extends T { override def m: U }
  |      ^
  | error overriding method m in trait U of type => U;
  |   method m in trait T of type => T has incompatible type
  | (Note that method m in trait U of type => U is abstract,
  | and is therefore overridden by concrete method m in trait T of type => T)
  |
  | longer explanation available when compiling with `-explain`
1 error found

You're right that the test works in Scala 3, so probably it just supports Java better?

[som-snytt]

@lrytz no it actually changed in Dotty.

[lrytz]

OK I must be confusing some things.

• Is this change observable within Scala only, without Java declarations?
• Do you have any history of the change at hand?

The 3.4 spec still says

First, a concrete definition always overrides an abstract definition

[som-snytt]

We know the spec is a big fat lie!

There is an early ticket where Allan Renucci (spelling) notes the discrepancy, and then it was adopted "because that is how Java does it". At some point, I noted that it was not like "sipped", but absorbed by osmosis, but I think it was intended all along to remedy the defect in Scala 2, where it was a limitation.

(I understand the limitation is about tracking bounds in overrides or something, but I never went back as I intended to do, to understand exactly what.)

(As LeVar Burton says, "Don't take my word for it." I think I'm awake right now?)

[lrytz]

After looking at this a bunch more I find it confusing how things work on Scala 3.

Here it tells me B.f overrides A.f:

scala> trait A { def f: String = "" }
scala> trait B extends A { def f: Object }
-- [E164] Declaration Error: ---------------------------------------------------
1 |trait B extends A { def f: Object }
  |                        ^
  |                   error overriding method f in trait A of type => String;
  |                     method f of type => Object has incompatible type

But then it tells me A.f overrides B.f:

scala> trait A { def f: Object = "" }
scala> trait B extends A { override def f: String }
-- [E164] Declaration Error: ---------------------------------------------------
1 |trait B extends A { override def f: String }
  |      ^
  |error overriding method f in trait B of type => String;
  |  method f in trait A of type => Object has incompatible type
  |(Note that method f in trait B of type => String is abstract,
  |and is therefore overridden by concrete method f in trait A of type => Object)

Anyway.. like @dwijnand I don't see the problem with Scala 2's approach, except for supporting Java (this ticket). Maybe we can change the lookup rules for Java?

The override checking should be unaffected:

interface A { default A m() { return this; } }
interface B extends A { @Override B m(); }

new B {} in Scala gives

  |error overriding method m in trait B of type (): B;
  |  method m in trait A of type (): A has incompatible type
  |(Note that method m in trait B of type (): B is abstract,
  |and is therefore overridden by concrete method m in trait A of type (): A)

[xuwei-k]

🤔

• AbstractMethodError when overriding java method with default implementation which implementation is "muted" in inherited interface #12224