Avoid expensive tracking objects for prepared statements

Per #36949 we introduce a race condition fix for #36763

This refines the fix to avoid using Concurrent::ThreadLocalVar

The implementation in the concurrent lib is rather expensive, culminating in
a finalizer per object that spins off a thread to do cleanup work.

None of this expense is needed as we can simply implement
the desired behavior using Ruby primitives. Additionally this moves to a Fiber bound implementation vs a thread bound implementation, something that is not desired for this particular usage.

Author: SamSaffron

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require "set"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/determine_if_preparable_visitor"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sql_type_metadata"
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@
 require "arel/collectors/composite"
 require "arel/collectors/sql_string"
 require "arel/collectors/substitute_binds"
-require "concurrent/atomic/thread_local_var"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ def initialize(connection, logger = nil, config = {}) # :nodoc:
         @lock = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::LoadInterlockAwareMonitor.new
 
         if self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(config.fetch(:prepared_statements) { true })
-          @prepared_statement_status = Concurrent::ThreadLocalVar.new(true)
+          @prepared_statements = true
           @visitor.extend(DetermineIfPreparableVisitor)
         else
-          @prepared_statement_status = Concurrent::ThreadLocalVar.new(false)
+          @prepared_statements = false
         end
 
         @advisory_locks_enabled = self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(
@@ -139,7 +139,11 @@ def schema_migration # :nodoc:
       end
 
       def prepared_statements
-        @prepared_statement_status.value
+        @prepared_statements && !prepared_statements_disabled_cache.include?(object_id)
+      end
+
+      def prepared_statements_disabled_cache # :nodoc:
+        Thread.current[:ar_prepared_statements_disabled_cache] ||= Set.new
       end
 
       class Version
@@ -226,7 +230,10 @@ def seconds_idle # :nodoc:
       end
 
       def unprepared_statement
-        @prepared_statement_status.bind(false) { yield }
+        cache = prepared_statements_disabled_cache.add(object_id) if @prepared_statements
+        yield
+      ensure
+        cache&.delete(object_id)
       end
 
       # Returns the human-readable name of the adapter. Use mixed case - one