Rollup merge of rust-lang#53652 - oconnor663:copy_in_place, r=alexcrichton

define copy_within on slices

This is a safe wrapper around `ptr::copy`, for regions within a single slice. Previously, safe in-place copying was only available as a side effect of `Vec::drain`.

I've wanted this API a couple times in the past, and I figured I'd just whip up a PR to help discuss it. It's possible something like this exists elsewhere and I just missed it. It might also be a big enough addition to warrant an RFC, I'm not sure.

Author: pietroalbini

src/libcore/slice/mod.rs

@@ -1618,6 +1618,63 @@ impl<T> [T] {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Copies elements from one part of the slice to another part of itself,
+    /// using a memmove.
+    ///
+    /// `src` is the range within `self` to copy from. `dest` is the starting
+    /// index of the range within `self` to copy to, which will have the same
+    /// length as `src`. The two ranges may overlap. The ends of the two ranges
+    /// must be less than or equal to `self.len()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// This function will panic if either range exceeds the end of the slice,
+    /// or if the end of `src` is before the start.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Copying four bytes within a slice:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # #![feature(copy_within)]
+    /// let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    ///
+    /// bytes.copy_within(1..5, 8);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(&bytes, b"Hello, Wello!");
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "copy_within", issue = "54236")]
+    pub fn copy_within<R: ops::RangeBounds<usize>>(&mut self, src: R, dest: usize)
+    where
+        T: Copy,
+    {
+        let src_start = match src.start_bound() {
+            ops::Bound::Included(&n) => n,
+            ops::Bound::Excluded(&n) => n
+                .checked_add(1)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| slice_index_overflow_fail()),
+            ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
+        };
+        let src_end = match src.end_bound() {
+            ops::Bound::Included(&n) => n
+                .checked_add(1)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| slice_index_overflow_fail()),
+            ops::Bound::Excluded(&n) => n,
+            ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.len(),
+        };
+        assert!(src_start <= src_end, "src end is before src start");
+        assert!(src_end <= self.len(), "src is out of bounds");
+        let count = src_end - src_start;
+        assert!(dest <= self.len() - count, "dest is out of bounds");
+        unsafe {
+            ptr::copy(
+                self.get_unchecked(src_start),
+                self.get_unchecked_mut(dest),
+                count,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Swaps all elements in `self` with those in `other`.
     ///
     /// The length of `other` must be the same as `self`.

src/libcore/tests/lib.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #![feature(inner_deref)]
 #![feature(slice_internals)]
 #![feature(option_replace)]
+#![feature(copy_within)]
 
 extern crate core;
 extern crate test;

src/libcore/tests/slice.rs

@@ -1000,3 +1000,49 @@ fn test_align_to_empty_mid() {
         assert_eq!(mid.as_ptr() as usize % mem::align_of::<Chunk>(), 0);
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_copy_within() {
+    // Start to end, with a RangeTo.
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    bytes.copy_within(..3, 10);
+    assert_eq!(&bytes, b"Hello, WorHel");
+
+    // End to start, with a RangeFrom.
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    bytes.copy_within(10.., 0);
+    assert_eq!(&bytes, b"ld!lo, World!");
+
+    // Overlapping, with a RangeInclusive.
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    bytes.copy_within(0..=11, 1);
+    assert_eq!(&bytes, b"HHello, World");
+
+    // Whole slice, with a RangeFull.
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    bytes.copy_within(.., 0);
+    assert_eq!(&bytes, b"Hello, World!");
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic(expected = "src is out of bounds")]
+fn test_copy_within_panics_src_too_long() {
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    // The length is only 13, so 14 is out of bounds.
+    bytes.copy_within(10..14, 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic(expected = "dest is out of bounds")]
+fn test_copy_within_panics_dest_too_long() {
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    // The length is only 13, so a slice of length 4 starting at index 10 is out of bounds.
+    bytes.copy_within(0..4, 10);
+}
+#[test]
+#[should_panic(expected = "src end is before src start")]
+fn test_copy_within_panics_src_inverted() {
+    let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";
+    // 2 is greater than 1, so this range is invalid.
+    bytes.copy_within(2..1, 0);
+}