BUG: pd.DataFrame.join fails with pyarrow backend but not with numpy

[MCRE-BE]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

a = pd.Series(
    data = [7575709, 7600316, 7537176, 7526456, 7174444, 7548816, 7474075, 7636965, 7526409, 7636980],
    name = 'ArticleID',
    dtype = "uint64[pyarrow]",
)
b = pd.Series(
    data = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 16, 3, 8],
    name = 'Delivery_Quantity_Base_Unit',
    dtype = "uint8[pyarrow]",
)
index = pd.Series(
    data = [7526409, 7600316, 7474075, 7575709, 7174444, 7526456, 7537176, 7548816, 7636965, 7636980],
    name = "ArticleID",
    dtype= 'int64[pyarrow]'
)
ip = pd.Series(
    data = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 10, 16, 8],
    index = index,
    name = "IP/CV",
    dtype= 'uint8[pyarrow]'
)
df = pd.concat([a, b], axis=1)

df.join(ip, on="ArticleID")

Issue Description

Join fails because of a keyerror. It does work with a numpy backend.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- KeyError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[152], line 1 ----> 1 df.join(ip, on="ArticleID")

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py:9729, in DataFrame.join(self, other, on, how, lsuffix, rsuffix, sort, validate)
[9566] def join(
[9567] self,
[9568] other: DataFrame | Series | Iterable[DataFrame | Series],
(...)
[9574] validate: str | None = None,
[9575] ) -> DataFrame:
[9576] """
[9577] Join columns of another DataFrame.
[9578]
(...)
[9727] 5 K1 A5 B1
[9728] """
-> [9729] return self._join_compat(
[9730] other,
[9731] on=on,
[9732] how=how,
[9733] lsuffix=lsuffix,
[9734] rsuffix=rsuffix,
[9735] sort=sort,
[9736] validate=validate,
[9737] )

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py:9768, in DataFrame._join_compat(self, other, on, how, lsuffix, rsuffix, sort, validate)
[9758] if how == "cross":
[9759] return merge(
[9760] self,
[9761] other,
(...)
[9766] validate=validate,
[9767] )
-> [9768] return merge(
[9769] self,
[9770] other,
[9771] left_on=on,
[9772] how=how,
[9773] left_index=on is None,
[9774] right_index=True,
[9775] suffixes=(lsuffix, rsuffix),
[9776] sort=sort,
[9777] validate=validate,
[9778] )
[9779] else:
[9780] if on is not None:

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:156, in merge(left, right, how, on, left_on, right_on, left_index, right_index, sort, suffixes, copy, indicator, validate)
[125]@substitution("\nleft : DataFrame or named Series")
[126]@appender(_merge_doc, indents=0)
[127]def merge(
(...)
[140] validate: str | None = None,
[141]) -> DataFrame:
[142] op = _MergeOperation(
[143] left,
[144] right,
(...)
[154] validate=validate,
[155] )
--> [156] return op.get_result(copy=copy)

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:803, in _MergeOperation.get_result(self, copy)
[800]if self.indicator:
[801] self.left, self.right = self._indicator_pre_merge(self.left, self.right)
--> [803]join_index, left_indexer, right_indexer = self._get_join_info()
[805]result = self._reindex_and_concat(
[806] join_index, left_indexer, right_indexer, copy=copy
[807])
[808]result = result.finalize(self, method=self._merge_type)

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:1042, in _MergeOperation._get_join_info(self)
[1037] join_index, left_indexer, right_indexer = left_ax.join(
[1038] right_ax, how=self.how, return_indexers=True, sort=self.sort
[1039] )
[1041] elif self.right_index and self.how == "left":
-> [1042] join_index, left_indexer, right_indexer = _left_join_on_index(
[1043] left_ax, right_ax, self.left_join_keys, sort=self.sort
[1044] )
[1046] elif self.left_index and self.how == "right":
[1047] join_index, right_indexer, left_indexer = _left_join_on_index(
[1048] right_ax, left_ax, self.right_join_keys, sort=self.sort
[1049] )

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:2281, in _left_join_on_index(left_ax, right_ax, join_keys, sort)
[2278] else:
[2279] jkey = join_keys[0]
-> [2281] left_indexer, right_indexer = _get_single_indexer(jkey, right_ax, sort=sort)
[2283] if sort or len(left_ax) != len(left_indexer):
[2284] # if asked to sort or there are 1-to-many matches
[2285] join_index = left_ax.take(left_indexer)

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:2220, in _get_single_indexer(join_key, index, sort)
[2217] def _get_single_indexer(
[2218] join_key, index: Index, sort: bool = False
[2219] ) -> tuple[npt.NDArray[np.intp], npt.NDArray[np.intp]]:
-> [2220] left_key, right_key, count = _factorize_keys(join_key, index._values, sort=sort)
[2222] return libjoin.left_outer_join(left_key, right_key, count, sort=sort)

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:2382, in _factorize_keys(lk, rk, sort, how)
[2378] # error: Item "ndarray" of "Union[Any, ndarray]" has no attribute
[2379] # "_values_for_factorize"
[2380] rk, _ = rk._values_for_factorize() # type: ignore[union-attr]
-> [2382] klass, lk, rk = _convert_arrays_and_get_rizer_klass(lk, rk)
[2384] rizer = klass(max(len(lk), len(rk)))
[2386] if isinstance(lk, BaseMaskedArray):

File c:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\envs\DLL_ETL\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\reshape\merge.py:2449, in _convert_arrays_and_get_rizer_klass(lk, rk)
[2447] klass = _factorizers[lk.dtype.type] # type: ignore[index]
[2448] else:
-> [2449] klass = _factorizers[lk.dtype.type]
[2451] else:
[2452] klass = libhashtable.ObjectFactorizer

KeyError:

Expected Behavior

Join should just work as it does with a numpy backend. Reproducable example in details.

a = pd.Series(
    data = [7575709, 7600316, 7537176, 7526456, 7174444, 7548816, 7474075, 7636965, 7526409, 7636980],
    name = 'ArticleID',
    dtype = np.uint64,
)
b = pd.Series(
    data = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 16, 3, 8],
    name = 'Delivery_Quantity_Base_Unit',
    dtype = np.uint8,
)
index = pd.Series(
    data = [7526409, 7600316, 7474075, 7575709, 7174444, 7526456, 7537176, 7548816, 7636965, 7636980],
    name = "ArticleID",
    dtype= np.int64
)
ip = pd.Series(
    data = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 10, 16, 8],
    index = index,
    name = "IP/CV",
    dtype= np.uint8
)
df = pd.concat([a, b], axis=1)
df.join(ip, on="ArticleID")

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 478d340
python : 3.10.10.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Windows
OS-release : 10
Version : 10.0.19042
machine : AMD64
processor : AMD64 Family 23 Model 24 Stepping 1, AuthenticAMD
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : None
LOCALE : English_Netherlands.1252

pandas : 2.0.0
numpy : 1.23.5
pytz : 2023.3
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 67.6.1
pip : 23.0.1
Cython : None
pytest : 7.2.2
hypothesis : None
sphinx : 6.1.3
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : 3.0.9
lxml.etree : 4.9.2
html5lib : 1.1
pymysql : None
psycopg2 : None
jinja2 : 3.1.2
IPython : 8.12.0
pandas_datareader: 0.10.0
bs4 : 4.12.0
bottleneck : None
brotli :
fastparquet : None
fsspec : 2023.3.0
gcsfs : None
matplotlib : None
numba : None
numexpr : None
odfpy : None
openpyxl : 3.1.1
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : 11.0.0
pyreadstat : None
pyxlsb : 1.0.10
s3fs : None
scipy : 1.10.1
snappy : None
sqlalchemy : None
tables : None
tabulate : 0.9.0
xarray : None
xlrd : 2.0.1
zstandard : 0.19.0
tzdata : 2023.3
qtpy : 2.3.1
pyqt5 : None