doc: add more definitions to GLOSSARY.md

Co-Authored-By: Harshitha KP <[email protected]>
PR-URL: #52798
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <[email protected]>

Author: 2 people

glossary.md

@@ -1,22 +1,153 @@
-You may also need to check <https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/docs/+/HEAD/glossary.md>.
+# Glossary
 
-* CITGM: "The Canary in the Goldmine". CITGM is a simple tool for pulling down
-  an arbitrary module from npm and testing it using a specific version of the
-  node runtime. The Node.js project uses CITGM to smoke test our releases and
-  controversial changes. See more details on the [CITGM repository](https://github.com/nodejs/citgm).
-* LGTM: "Looks good to me", commonly used to approve a code review.
-* PTAL: Please take a look.
-* RSLGTM: "Rubber-stamp looks good to me". The reviewer approving without doing
-  a full code review.
-* TSC: Technical Steering Committee. Detailed info see
-  [TSC](./GOVERNANCE.md#technical-steering-committee).
-* WIP: "Work In Progress" - e.g. a patch that's not finished, but may be worth
-  an early look.
-* WPT: [web-platform-tests](https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt)
-* godbolt: [Compiler Explorer](https://godbolt.org/) run compilers interactively
-  from your web browser and interact with the assembly. Was created by and is
-  primarily administrated by Matt Godbolt.
-* primordials: Pristine built-ins that are not affected by prototype pollution
-  and tampering with built-ins.
-* undici: An alternative HTTP client used in Node.js. See more details
-  on the [undici repository](https://github.com/nodejs/undici).
+This file documents various terms and definitions used throughout the Node.js community.
+
+* **ABI**: [Application Binary Interface][] - Defines the interface between two binary program modules.
+* **AFAICT**: As Far As I Can Tell.
+* **AFAIK**: As Far As I Know.
+* **API**: [Application Programming Interface][] - A set of rules and protocols that allows different software
+  applications to communicate with each other. APIs are used to enable integration between different systems.
+* **ASAP**: As Soon As Possible.
+* **BE**: Big [Endian][] - A Byte Order where the largest bit comes first. The opposite of **LE**.
+* **Bootstrap**: Early phase in the Node.js process startup - sets up the execution environment and loads internal
+  modules.
+* **CI**: [Continuous Integration][] - Development practice where code changes are frequently merged into a shared
+  repository.
+* **CITGM**: Canary In The Gold Mine - A smoke test that tests the code change with popular npm packages.
+* **CJS**: [CommonJS][] - Standard for JavaScript modules, and in most cases, [CommonJS Modules][].
+* **CLDR**: [Common Locale Data Repository][] - A repository of locale data used in software engineering.
+* **CLI**: [Command Line Interface][] - A way to interact with a computer program using text commands.
+* **Code cache**: Chunk of bytes storing compiled JS code and its metadata.
+* **CVE**: [Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures][] - Database maintaining reported security vulnerabilities.
+* **Deps**: Dependencies - Upstream projects that this project depends on.
+* **DOM**: [Document Object Model][] - A programming interface for web documents. It represents the structure of a
+  document as a tree of objects, allowing programmers to dynamically manipulate the content and structure of a web page.
+* **ECMA**: [Ecma International][] - A nonprofit standards organization that develops and publishes international
+  standards, including **ECMA-262**.
+* **ECMA-262**: **Ecma**'s [specification document for **ECMAScript**][], maintained and updated by the **TC39**.
+* **ECMAScript**: A standard for scripting languages, including **JavaScript**.
+* **EOF**: [End-of-File][] - Indicates the end of a file or stream.
+* **EOL**: [End-of-Life][] (when used within project documents), [End-of-Line][] (when used within a program),
+  End-of-Life is usually how this term is used.
+* **ESM**: [ECMAScript Module][] - The implementation of the **ECMA-262** module system.
+* **ETW**: [Event Tracing for Windows][] - Provides a way to trace events in Windows systems.
+* **FFDC**: First Failure Data Capture - Logs, traces, and dumps produced by default on program error.
+* **FIPS**: [Federal Information Processing Standards][] - Set of standards for use in computer systems by non-military
+  government agencies and government contractors.
+* **FS**: File System.
+* **Godbolt**: [Compiler Explorer][] - Tool for running compilers interactively from a web browser.
+* **HTTP**: [HyperText Transfer Protocol][] - An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia
+  information systems. It is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web.
+* **ICU**: [International Components for Unicode][] - Library providing support for Unicode.
+* **IDE**: [Integrated Development Environment][] - A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to
+  computer programmers for software development.
+* **IETF**: [Internet Engineering Task Force][] - An international community responsible for developing and promoting
+  Internet standards.
+* **IIRC**: If I Recall Correctly.
+* **IIUC**: If I Understand Correctly.
+* **IMHO**: In My Humble/Honest Opinion.
+* **IMO**: In My Opinion.
+* **IPC**: [Inter-Process Communication][] - Mechanism allowing processes to communicate with each other.
+* **JIT**: [Just In Time][] - Method of executing computer code during runtime.
+* **JS**: [JavaScript][] - A high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the **ECMAScript**
+  specification.
+* **JS/C++ boundary**: Boundary between V8's runtime and JS code execution, often crossed when calling JS functions
+  with C++ linkage.
+* **JSON**: [JavaScript Object Notation][] - A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and
+  write and for machines to parse and generate. It is commonly used for transmitting data between a server and a
+  web application.
+* **LE**: Little [Endian][] - A Byte Order where the smallest bit comes first. The opposite of **BE**.
+* **LGTM/SGTM**: Looks/Sounds good to me.
+* **LTS**: [Long Term Support][] - Support provided for a software version for an extended period.
+* **MDN**: [Mozilla Development Network][] - Resource for web developers.
+* **MVC**: [Model-View-Controller][] - A software design pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces. It
+  separates the application into three interconnected components: the model (data), the view (presentation), and the
+  controller (logic).
+* **Native modules/addons**: Modules compiled to native code from a non-JavaScript language,
+  such as C or C++, that expose interfaces callable from JavaScript.
+* **npm**: [npm][] - A package manager and registry widely used for managing dependencies in
+  Node.js projects and for sharing code with others.
+* **OOB**: Out Of Bounds - Used in the context of array access.
+* **OOM**: Out Of Memory - Situation where a computer program exceeds its memory allocation.
+* **OOP**: [Object-Oriented Programming][] - A programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can
+  contain data and code to manipulate that data. OOP languages include features such as encapsulation, inheritance,
+  and polymorphism.
+* **PPC**: [PowerPC][] - A type of microprocessor architecture.
+* **Primordials**: Pristine built-ins in JavaScript that are not affected by prototype pollution.
+* **Prototype Pollution**: Process in which a user mutating object prototypes affects other code.
+* **RAII**: [Resource Acquisition Is Initialization][] - Programming idiom used to manage resources in C++.
+* **REPL**: [Read Evaluate Print Loop][] - Environment for interactive programming.
+* **RFC**: [Request For Comments][] - A Document used in standardization processes.
+* **RSLGTM**: Rubber-Stamp Looks Good To Me - The reviewer approves without a full code review.
+* **RSS**: [Resident Set Size][] - Amount of memory occupied by a process in RAM.
+* **SMP**: [Symmetric Multi-Processor][] - Architecture where multiple processors share the same memory.
+* **Snapshot**: Chunk of bytes containing data serialized from a V8 heap.
+* **TBH**: To Be Honest.
+* **TC39**: [Ecma Technical Committee 39][], governing body over **ECMAScript**.
+* **TSC**: Technical Steering Committee - Governing body within a project.
+* **UI**: [User Interface][] - The point of interaction between a user and a computer program. It includes elements
+  such as buttons, menus, and other graphical elements that allow users to interact with the software.
+* **URL**: [Uniform Resource Locator][] - A reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer
+  network and the mechanism for retrieving it, typically using the HTTP or HTTPS protocol.
+* **UTF-8**: [Unicode Transformation Format - 8-bit][] - A variable-width character encoding widely used for
+  representing Unicode characters efficiently in byte-oriented systems.
+* **V8**: [The JavaScript engine][] that powers Node.js and Chrome browser.
+* **Vendoring**: Integrating external software into the project by copying its code source.
+* **VM**: [The Node.js VM module][] - Provides a way of executing code within V8 Virtual Machine contexts.
+* **W3C**: [World Wide Web Consortium][] - An international community that develops standards and guidelines for
+  various aspects of the web ecosystem.
+* **WASI**: [Web Assembly System Interface][] - Interface for WebAssembly.
+* **WASM**: Web Assembly - Binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine.
+* **WG**: Working Group - Autonomous teams in the project with specific focus areas.
+* **WHATWG**: [Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group][] - Community developing web standards.
+* **WIP**: Work In Progress - Unfinished work that may be worth an early look.
+* **WPT**: [web-platform-tests][] - Test suite for web platform APIs.
+
+[Application Binary Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface
+[Application Programming Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface
+[Command Line Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface
+[Common Locale Data Repository]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository
+[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures]: https://cve.org
+[CommonJS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CommonJS
+[CommonJS Modules]: https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules-commonjs-modules
+[Compiler Explorer]: https://godbolt.org/
+[Continuous Integration]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration
+[Document Object Model]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model
+[ECMAScript Module]: https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html#modules-ecmascript-modules
+[Ecma International]: https://ecma.org
+[Ecma Technical Committee 39]: https://tc39.es/
+[End-of-File]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-file
+[End-of-Life]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-life_product
+[End-of-Line]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline
+[Endian]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness
+[Event Tracing for Windows]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_Viewer
+[Federal Information Processing Standards]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards
+[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
+[Integrated Development Environment]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment
+[Inter-Process Communication]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
+[International Components for Unicode]: https://icu.unicode.org/
+[Internet Engineering Task Force]: https://www.ietf.org/
+[JavaScript]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript
+[JavaScript Object Notation]: https://www.json.org/
+[Just In Time]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation
+[Long Term Support]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_support
+[Model-View-Controller]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller
+[Mozilla Development Network]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US
+[NPM]: https://www.npmjs.com/
+[Object-Oriented Programming]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
+[PowerPC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC
+[Read Evaluate Print Loop]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop
+[Request For Comments]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments
+[Resident Set Size]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resident_set_size
+[Resource Acquisition Is Initialization]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_acquisition_is_initialization
+[Symmetric Multi-Processor]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing
+[The JavaScript Engine]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_\(JavaScript_engine\)
+[The Node.js VM Module]: https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html
+[Unicode Transformation Format - 8-bit]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+[Uniform Resource Locator]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL
+[User Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface
+[Web Assembly System Interface]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI
+[Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG
+[World Wide Web Consortium]: https://www.w3.org/
+[specification document for **ECMAScript**]: https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/
+[web-platform-tests]: https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt