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DOCSP-50497 Node Aggregation Standardization (#1176) (#1181)
* DOCSP-50497 fixing git rebases and uploading changes to agg pages * DOCSP-50497 fix errors * DOCSP-50497 fix errors * DOCSP-50497 fix errors * DOCSP-50497 final changes * DOCSP-41784 Support for Explicit Resource Management (#1165) * DOCSP-41784 add support for explicit resource management note where applicable resources are declared * DOCSP-41784 fix note format * DOCSP-41784 change to tip and move pages around * DOCSP-41784 reword tip for clarity * DOCSP-41784 update backport file and move tips to below code examples * Add redirect for quick start landing page (#1171) * DOCSP-50497 suggestions * DOCSP=50497 final changes * revert "Add redirect for quick start landing page (#1171)" This reverts commit e7a22e508890ba9f335c25ca2662340f2df0c19e. revert commit * Revert "DOCSP-41784 Support for Explicit Resource Management (#1165)" This reverts commit 8f0f3432d93eedef9fa22e638937d25e1a89b5de. * DOCSP-50497 removing commits * DOCSP-50497 remove capital in aggregate method * DOCSP-50497 edits * DOCSP-50497 tweaks * DOCSP-50497 tech review comments * DOCSP-50497 edits (cherry picked from commit 35a4f2f)
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‎snooty.toml‎

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"/security/authentication",
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"/data-formats",
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"/connect/connection-options",
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"/aggregation",
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"/crud",
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"/crud/update",
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"/crud/transactions",

‎source/aggregation.txt‎

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.. _node-aggregation:
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.. _nodejs-aggregation:
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===========
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Aggregation
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===========
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======================
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Aggregation Operations
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======================
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.. meta::
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:description: Learn to use aggregation operations in the MongoDB Node.js Driver to create pipelines for data transformation and summarization.
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:depth: 2
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:class: singlecol
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.. toctree::
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:titlesonly:
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:maxdepth: 1
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Pipeline Stages </aggregation/pipeline-stages>
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.. _nodejs-aggregation-overview:
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Overview
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--------
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In this guide, you can learn how to use **aggregation operations** in
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the MongoDB Node.js driver.
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In this guide, you can learn how to use the {+driver-long+} to perform
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**aggregation operations**.
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Aggregation operations process data in your MongoDB collections and return
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computed results. The MongoDB Aggregation framework is modeled on the concept of
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data processing pipelines. Documents enter a pipeline comprised of one or more
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stages, and this pipeline transforms the documents into an aggregated result.
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Aggregation operations are expressions you can use to produce reduced
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and summarized results in MongoDB. MongoDB's aggregation framework
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allows you to create a pipeline that consists of one or more stages,
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each of which performs a specific operation on your data.
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To learn more about the aggregation stages supported by the {+driver-short+},
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see :ref:`node-aggregation-pipeline-stages`.
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.. _node-aggregation-tutorials:
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Analogy
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~~~~~~~
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You can think of the aggregation pipeline as similar to an automobile factory.
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Automobile manufacturing requires the use of assembly stations organized
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into assembly lines. Each station has specialized tools, such as
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drills and welders. The factory transforms and
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assembles the initial parts and materials into finished products.
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The **aggregation pipeline** is the assembly line, **aggregation
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stages** are the assembly stations, and **expression operators** are the
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specialized tools.
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Comparing Aggregation and Query Operations
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Using query operations, such as the ``find()`` method, you can perform the following actions:
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- Select *which documents* to return
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- Select *which fields* to return
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- Sort the results
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Using aggregation operations, you can perform the following actions:
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- Perform all query operations
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- Rename fields
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- Calculate fields
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- Summarize data
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- Group values
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Aggregation operations have some :manual:`limitations </core/aggregation-pipeline-limits/>`:
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- Returned documents must not violate the :manual:`BSON-document size limit </reference/limits/#mongodb-limit-BSON-Document-Size>`
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of 16 megabytes.
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- Pipeline stages have a memory limit of 100 megabytes by default. You can exceed this
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limit by setting the ``allowDiskUse`` property of ``AggregateOptions`` to ``true``. See
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the `AggregateOptions API documentation <{+api+}/interfaces/AggregateOptions.html>`__
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for more details.
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.. important:: $graphLookup exception
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The :manual:`$graphLookup
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</reference/operator/aggregation/graphLookup/>` stage has a strict
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memory limit of 100 megabytes and will ignore ``allowDiskUse``.
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References
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~~~~~~~~~~
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To view a full list of expression operators, see :manual:`Aggregation
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Operators </reference/operator/aggregation/>` in the Server manual.
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To learn about assembling an aggregation pipeline and view examples, see
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:manual:`Aggregation Pipeline </core/aggregation-pipeline/>` in the
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Server manual.
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To learn more about creating pipeline stages, see :manual:`Aggregation
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Stages </reference/operator/aggregation-pipeline/>` in the Server manual.
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Runnable Examples
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-----------------
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The example uses sample data about restaurants. The following code
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inserts data into the ``restaurants`` collection of the ``aggregation``
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database:
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.. literalinclude:: /code-snippets/aggregation/agg.js
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:start-after: begin data insertion
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:end-before: end data insertion
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:language: javascript
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:dedent:
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.. tip::
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For more information on connecting to your MongoDB deployment, see the :doc:`Connection Guide </connect>`.
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Aggregation Example
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To perform an aggregation, pass a list of aggregation stages to the
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``collection.aggregate()`` method.
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In the example, the aggregation pipeline uses the following aggregation stages:
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- A :manual:`$match </reference/operator/aggregation/match/>` stage to filter for documents whose
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``categories`` array field contains the element ``Bakery``.
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- A :manual:`$group </reference/operator/aggregation/group/>` stage to group the matching documents by the ``stars``
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field, accumulating a count of documents for each distinct value of ``stars``.
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.. literalinclude:: /code-snippets/aggregation/agg.js
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:start-after: begin aggregation
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:end-before: end aggregation
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:language: javascript
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:dedent:
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This example produces the following output:
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.. code-block:: json
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:copyable: false
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{ _id: 4, count: 2 }
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{ _id: 3, count: 1 }
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{ _id: 5, count: 1 }
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For more information, see the `aggregate() API documentation <{+api+}/classes/Collection.html#aggregate>`__.
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Additional Examples
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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You can find another aggregation pipeline example in the `Aggregation
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Framework with Node.js Tutorial
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<https://www.mongodb.com/blog/post/quick-start-nodejs--mongodb--how-to-analyze-data-using-the-aggregation-framework>`_
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blog post on the MongoDB website.
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The aggregation pipeline is similar to an automobile factory assembly line. An
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assembly line has stations with specialized tools that are used to perform
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specific tasks. For example, when building a car, the assembly line begins with
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a frame. As the car frame moves though the assembly line, each station assembles
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a separate part. The result is a transformed final product, the finished car.
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The *aggregation pipeline* is the assembly line, the *aggregation stages* are
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the assembly stations, the *expression operators* are the specialized tools, and
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the *aggregated result* is the finished product.
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Compare Aggregation and Find Operations
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---------------------------------------
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The following table lists the different tasks you can perform with find
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operations compared to what you can achieve with aggregation operations. The
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aggregation framework provides expanded functionality that allows you to
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transform and manipulate your data.
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.. list-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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:widths: 50 50
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* - Find Operations
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- Aggregation Operations
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* - | Select *certain* documents to return
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| Select *which* fields to return
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| Sort the results
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| Limit the results
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| Count the results
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- | Select *certain* documents to return
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| Select *which* fields to return
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| Sort the results
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| Limit the results
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| Count the results
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| Group the results
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| Rename fields
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| Compute new fields
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| Summarize data
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| Connect and merge data sets
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Server Limitations
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------------------
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Consider the following :manual:`limitations
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</core/aggregation-pipeline-limits/>` when performing aggregation operations:
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- Returned documents must not violate the :manual:`BSON document size limit
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</reference/limits/#mongodb-limit-BSON-Document-Size>` of 16 megabytes.
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- Pipeline stages have a memory limit of 100 megabytes by default. If required,
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you can exceed this limit by enabling the `AllowDiskUse
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<https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/6.17/interfaces/AggregateOptions.html#allowDiskUse>`__
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property of the ``AggregateOptions`` object that you pass to the
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``aggregate()`` method.
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Additional information
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----------------------
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To view a full list of expression operators, see :manual:`Aggregation Operators
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</reference/operator/aggregation/>` in the {+mdb-server+} manual.
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To learn about explaining MongoDB aggregation operations, see :manual:`Explain
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Results </reference/explain-results/>` and :manual:`Query Plans
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</core/query-plans/>` in the {+mdb-server+} manual.

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