Type incorrectly inferred as "string" rather than String Literal

[benny-medflyt]

Tested with:
TypeScript 2.6.2
TypeScript 2.7.2

Attached is an example where a string literal ("lastName") is being inferred as "string" rather than as the string literal "lastName". Adding a type assertion ("lastName" as any) causes compilation to succeed.

class Q<s> {
    protected dummy: [Q<s>, s];
}

type MakeCols<s, T extends object> = {
    [P in keyof T]: Col<s, T[P]>;
};

class Col<s, a> {
    protected dummy: [Col<s, a>, s, a];
}

interface Link<Y extends object> {
    c: keyof Y;
}

interface ColDef<a extends object> {
    displayName: string | null;
    link: Link<a> | null;
}

type TableViewCells<T extends object> = {
    [P in keyof T]: ColDef<T>;
};

function declareTableViewThunk<a extends object>(query: <s>(q: Q<s>) => MakeCols<s, a>, colCells: () => TableViewCells<a>): void {
    query;
    colCells;
    throw new Error();
}

function personQuery<s>(q: Q<s>): {
    personId: Col<s, number>;
    lastName: Col<s, string | null>;
    firstName: Col<s, string>;
} {
    q;
    throw new Error();
}

export const agencyTableView = declareTableViewThunk(
    personQuery,
    () => ({
        personId: {
            displayName: "ID",
            link: {
                c: "lastName"
            }
        },
        lastName: {
            displayName: "Last Name",
            link: null
        },
        firstName: {
            displayName: "First Name",
            link: null
        }
    })
);

test.ts(43,5): error TS2345: Argument of type '() => { personId: { displayName: string; link: { c: string; }; }; lastName: { displayName: string...' is not assignable to parameter of type '() => TableViewCells<{ personId: number; lastName: string | null; firstName: string; }>'.
  Type '{ personId: { displayName: string; link: { c: string; }; }; lastName: { displayName: string; link...' is not assignable to type 'TableViewCells<{ personId: number; lastName: string | null; firstName: string; }>'.
    Types of property 'personId' are incompatible.
      Type '{ displayName: string; link: { c: string; }; }' is not assignable to type 'ColDef<{ personId: number; lastName: string | null; firstName: string; }>'.
        Types of property 'link' are incompatible.
          Type '{ c: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Link<{ personId: number; lastName: string | null; firstName: string; }> | null'.
            Type '{ c: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Link<{ personId: number; lastName: string | null; firstName: string; }>'.
              Types of property 'c' are incompatible.
                Type 'string' is not assignable to type '"lastName" | "personId" | "firstName"'.

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "outDir": "../_build",
        "sourceMap": true,
        "inlineSources": true,
        "declaration": false,
        "removeComments": false,
        "newLine": "LF",
        "preserveConstEnums": false,
        "allowUnreachableCode": false,
        "allowUnusedLabels": false,
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
        "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
        "noImplicitAny": true,
        "noImplicitReturns": true,
        "noImplicitThis": true,
        "noUnusedLocals": true,
        "noUnusedParameters": true,
        "strictNullChecks": true,
        "suppressExcessPropertyErrors": false,
        "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": false,
        "lib": [
            "dom",
            "es2015.collection",
            "es2015.promise",
            "es2015.symbol",
            "es5",
            "es6"
        ],
        "noLib": false,
        "target": "es2015",
        "module": "commonjs",
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "isolatedModules": false
    }
}

Could you provide an example that includes an explicit type argument? Type inference is probably not powerful enough to get you a good type here.

[rubenlg]

This bites me quite often too, and it is quite annoying.

function needALiteral(thing: 'THING') { }
const FOO = { thing: 'THING' };
needALiteral(FOO.thing); // ERROR: string is not assignable to 'THING'

Today, the only way to tell Typescript that 'THING' is really meant to be just a literal, is by duplicating it:

function needALiteral(thing: 'THING') { }
const FOO = { thing: 'THING' as 'THING' };
needALiteral(FOO.thing); // Happy compiler

Now, if there is a typo on the first 'THING', it's going to be fun to debug the runtime error.

I wish there was a more compact way to express that, also avoiding the chance of typos causing bugs.

@rubenlg It's generally a good idea to provide a type to an object literal:

interface I { thing: 'THING' };
const FOO: I = { thing: 'THING' };

That way we give you string literal types and also detect excess properties.

[rubenlg]

@Andy-MS I totally agree, and I always do when it's possible/reasonable, but there are situations when it's not. Here is one example:

export interface Foo {
  x: 'FOO' | 'BAR';
  y: number;
  z: {},
}

// private to this module
const commonPart = {
  x: 'FOO',
  y: 2,
};

export const case1: Foo = {
  ...commonPart,
  z: whatever,
};

export const case2: Foo = {
  ...commonPart,
  z: somethingelse,
};

In this case, you don't want to type commonPart. Partial<Foo> is not correct and doesn't work, because it makes everything optional, and the closest match is Pick<Foo, 'x'|'y'> but as you can imagine, it's totally annoying to have to put the keys twice and manually keep them in sync. There are ways around that with high order functions that infer the keys, but that's beside the point. Having a way to tell the compiler "this is a string literal, don't type it as a string" would keep that code simple and fully type checked.

Now, if there is a typo on the first 'THING', it's going to be fun to debug the runtime error.

Would it help if "apple" as "orange" were a compile error?

[rubenlg]

Totally. Detecting that mistake at compile time would be great.

OK, created #22150

[gcnew]

See #14156. I also have a PR implementing it (#14161).

[laughinghan]

I'm running into the same issue. Minimal test case:

const x = { a: 'abc' };
const y: { a: 'abc' | 'def' } = x; // type error: string not assignable to 'abc' | 'def'

const x2 = { a: 'abc' as 'abc' };
const y2: { a: 'abc' | 'def' } = x2; // typechecks

Try it in the TypeScript Playground

Am I correct in understanding that the reason for this issue is that TypeScript has no way of knowing I don't want to do x.a = 'something else' later? TypeScript can't do that kind of static analysis?

[mhegazy]

Duplicate of #20271

[rubenlg]

@mhegazy you closed this as a duplicate of another bug that's also closed. Do I understand correctly that the Typescript team has no intention to fix this problem?

[RyanCavanaugh]

@rubenlg the specified behavior in this issue is the intended behavior. Some of the repros here represent a non-ideal user experience but there's no sound proposal on the table that is immediately actionable.