Merge branch 'main' into gsallam/main

* main: (30 commits)
  pythongh-103987: fix several crashes in mmap module (python#103990)
  docs: fix wrong indentation causing rendering error in dis page (python#104661)
  pythongh-94906: Support multiple steps in math.nextafter (python#103881)
  pythongh-104472: Skip `test_subprocess.ProcessTestCase.test_empty_env` if ASAN is enabled (python#104667)
  pythongh-103839: Allow building Tkinter against Tcl 8.7 without external libtommath (pythonGH-103842)
  pythongh-85984: New additions and improvements to the tty library. (python#101832)
  pythongh-104659: Consolidate python examples in enum documentation (python#104665)
  pythongh-92248: Deprecate `type`, `choices`, `metavar` parameters of `argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` (python#103678)
  pythongh-104645: fix error handling in marshal tests (python#104646)
  pythongh-104600: Make type.__type_params__ writable (python#104634)
  pythongh-104602: Add additional test for listcomp with lambda (python#104639)
  pythongh-104640: Disallow walrus in comprehension within type scopes (python#104641)
  pythongh-103921: Rename "type" header in argparse docs (python#104654)
  Improve readability of `typing._ProtocolMeta.__instancecheck__` (python#104649)
  pythongh-96522: Fix deadlock in pty.spawn (python#96639)
  pythonGH-102818: Do not call `PyTraceBack_Here` in sys.settrace trampoline.  (pythonGH-104579)
  pythonGH-103545: Add macOS specific constants for ``os.setpriority`` to ``os`` (python#104606)
  pythongh-104623: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.42.0 (pythonGH-104624)
  pythongh-104619: never leak comprehension locals to outer locals() (python#104637)
  pythongh-104602: ensure all cellvars are known up front (python#104603)
  ...

Author: carljm

Doc/library/argparse.rst

@@ -57,20 +57,20 @@ the extracted data in a :class:`argparse.Namespace` object::
 Quick Links for add_argument()
 ------------------------------
 
-====================== =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
-Name                   Description                                                 Values
-====================== =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
-action_                Specify how an argument should be handled                   ``'store'``, ``'store_const'``, ``'store_true'``, ``'append'``, ``'append_const'``, ``'count'``, ``'help'``, ``'version'``
-choices_               Limit values to a specific set of choices                   ``['foo', 'bar']``, ``range(1, 10)``, or :class:`~collections.abc.Container` instance
-const_                 Store a constant value
-default_               Default value used when an argument is not provided         Defaults to ``None``
-dest_                  Specify the attribute name used in the result namespace
-help_                  Help message for an argument
-metavar_               Alternate display name for the argument as shown in help
-nargs_                 Number of times the argument can be used                    :class:`int`, ``'?'``, ``'*'``, or ``'+'``
-required_              Indicate whether an argument is required or optional        ``True`` or ``False``
-type_                  Automatically convert an argument to the given type         :class:`int`, :class:`float`, ``argparse.FileType('w')``, or callable function
-====================== =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
+============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
+Name                         Description                                                 Values
+============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
+action_                      Specify how an argument should be handled                   ``'store'``, ``'store_const'``, ``'store_true'``, ``'append'``, ``'append_const'``, ``'count'``, ``'help'``, ``'version'``
+choices_                     Limit values to a specific set of choices                   ``['foo', 'bar']``, ``range(1, 10)``, or :class:`~collections.abc.Container` instance
+const_                       Store a constant value
+default_                     Default value used when an argument is not provided         Defaults to ``None``
+dest_                        Specify the attribute name used in the result namespace
+help_                        Help message for an argument
+metavar_                     Alternate display name for the argument as shown in help
+nargs_                       Number of times the argument can be used                    :class:`int`, ``'?'``, ``'*'``, or ``'+'``
+required_                    Indicate whether an argument is required or optional        ``True`` or ``False``
+:ref:`type <argparse-type>`  Automatically convert an argument to the given type         :class:`int`, :class:`float`, ``argparse.FileType('w')``, or callable function
+============================ =========================================================== ==========================================================================================================================
 
 
 Example
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ command-line argument was not present::
    Namespace(foo='1')
 
 
-.. _type:
+.. _argparse-type:
 
 type
 ^^^^

Doc/library/dis.rst

@@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ not have to be) the original ``STACK[-2]``.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
-       Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.11
+      Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.
 
 
 .. opcode:: CLEANUP_THROW

Doc/library/enum.rst

@@ -406,18 +406,18 @@ Data Types
    with an *IntEnum* member, the resulting value loses its enumeration status.
 
       >>> from enum import IntEnum
-      >>> class Numbers(IntEnum):
+      >>> class Number(IntEnum):
       ...     ONE = 1
       ...     TWO = 2
       ...     THREE = 3
       ...
-      >>> Numbers.THREE
-      <Numbers.THREE: 3>
-      >>> Numbers.ONE + Numbers.TWO
+      >>> Number.THREE
+      <Number.THREE: 3>
+      >>> Number.ONE + Number.TWO
       3
-      >>> Numbers.THREE + 5
+      >>> Number.THREE + 5
       8
-      >>> Numbers.THREE == 3
+      >>> Number.THREE == 3
       True
 
    .. note::

Doc/library/math.rst

@@ -224,11 +224,11 @@ Number-theoretic and representation functions
    of *x* and are floats.
 
 
-.. function:: nextafter(x, y)
+.. function:: nextafter(x, y, steps=1)
 
-   Return the next floating-point value after *x* towards *y*.
+   Return the floating-point value *steps* steps after *x* towards *y*.
 
-   If *x* is equal to *y*, return *y*.
+   If *x* is equal to *y*, return *y*, unless *steps* is zero.
 
    Examples:
 
@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ Number-theoretic and representation functions
 
    See also :func:`math.ulp`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
+      Added the *steps* argument.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
 .. function:: perm(n, k=None)

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -493,6 +493,17 @@ process and user.
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
+.. data:: PRIO_DARWIN_THREAD
+          PRIO_DARWIN_PROCESS
+          PRIO_DARWIN_BG
+          PRIO_DARWIN_NONUI
+
+   Parameters for the :func:`getpriority` and :func:`setpriority` functions.
+
+   .. availability:: macOS
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 .. function:: getresuid()
 
    Return a tuple (ruid, euid, suid) denoting the current process's

Doc/library/pathlib.rst

@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Pure paths provide the following methods and properties:
       PureWindowsPath('c:/Program Files')
 
 
-.. method:: PurePath.match(pattern)
+.. method:: PurePath.match(pattern, *, case_sensitive=None)
 
    Match this path against the provided glob-style pattern.  Return ``True``
    if matching is successful, ``False`` otherwise.
@@ -576,6 +576,11 @@ Pure paths provide the following methods and properties:
       >>> PureWindowsPath('b.py').match('*.PY')
       True
 
+   Set *case_sensitive* to ``True`` or ``False`` to override this behaviour.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+      The *case_sensitive* argument.
+
 
 .. method:: PurePath.relative_to(other, walk_up=False)
 

Doc/library/tty.rst

@@ -20,18 +20,36 @@ Because it requires the :mod:`termios` module, it will work only on Unix.
 The :mod:`tty` module defines the following functions:
 
 
+.. function:: cfmakeraw(mode)
+
+   Convert the tty attribute list *mode*, which is a list like the one returned
+   by :func:`termios.tcgetattr`, to that of a tty in raw mode.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
+.. function:: cfmakecbreak(mode)
+
+   Convert the tty attribute list *mode*, which is a list like the one returned
+   by :func:`termios.tcgetattr`, to that of a tty in cbreak mode.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
 .. function:: setraw(fd, when=termios.TCSAFLUSH)
 
    Change the mode of the file descriptor *fd* to raw. If *when* is omitted, it
    defaults to :const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`, and is passed to
-   :func:`termios.tcsetattr`.
+   :func:`termios.tcsetattr`. The return value of :func:`termios.tcgetattr`
+   is saved before setting *fd* to raw mode; this value is returned.
 
 
 .. function:: setcbreak(fd, when=termios.TCSAFLUSH)
 
    Change the mode of file descriptor *fd* to cbreak. If *when* is omitted, it
    defaults to :const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`, and is passed to
-   :func:`termios.tcsetattr`.
+   :func:`termios.tcsetattr`. The return value of :func:`termios.tcgetattr`
+   is saved before setting *fd* to cbreak mode; this value is returned.
 
 
 .. seealso::

Doc/whatsnew/3.12.rst

@@ -395,6 +395,9 @@ pathlib
 * Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.is_junction` as a proxy to :func:`os.path.isjunction`.
   (Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`99547`.)
 
+* Add *case_sensitive* optional parameter to :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob`,
+  :meth:`pathlib.Path.rglob` and :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match` for matching
+  the path's case sensitivity, allowing for more precise control over the matching process.
 
 dis
 ---
@@ -867,6 +870,11 @@ Pending Removal in Python 3.14
 * The *onerror* argument of :func:`shutil.rmtree` is deprecated in 3.12,
   and will be removed in 3.14.
 
+* The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters
+  of :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated
+  and will be removed in 3.14.
+  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)
+
 * :func:`pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`pkgutil.get_loader`
   now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`;
   use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` instead.

Include/internal/pycore_compile.h

@@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyCompile_CodeGen(
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyCompile_OptimizeCfg(
         PyObject *instructions,
-        PyObject *consts);
+        PyObject *consts,
+        int nlocals);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject*)
 _PyCompile_Assemble(_PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata *umd, PyObject *filename,

Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h

@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ struct _Py_interp_cached_objects {
     PyTypeObject *paramspec_type;
     PyTypeObject *paramspecargs_type;
     PyTypeObject *paramspeckwargs_type;
-    PyTypeObject *typealias_type;
 };
 
 #define _Py_INTERP_STATIC_OBJECT(interp, NAME) \