security: fix CVE-2022-41715 [1.19 backport]

[gopherbot]

@julieqiu requested issue #55949 to be considered for backport to the next 1.19 minor release.

@gopherbot please open backport issues.

[dmitshur]

Approved as a security fix.

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/438499 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.19] regexp: limit size of parsed regexps

[gopherbot]

Closed by merging 645abfe to release-branch.go1.19.