Start tutorials

_data/nav.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-- title: Tutorial
-  url: /tutorial/
+- title: Learn
+  url: /learn/
 - title: Compilers
   url: /compilers/
 - title: Development

_includes/important.html

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+<div class="aside-important">
+    <b> Important: </b>
+    {{ include.content }}
+
+</div>

_includes/note.html

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+<div class="aside-note">
+    <b> Note: </b>
+    {{ include.content }}
+
+</div>

_includes/tip.html

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+<div class="aside-tip">
+    <b> Tip: </b>
+    {{ include.content }}
+
+</div>

_layouts/default.html

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     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
     <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
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     <link rel="canonical" href="{{ site.url }}{% if page.canonical_url %}{{ page.canonical_url }}{% else %}{{ page.url }}{% endif %}" />
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assets/css/main.css

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+  font-size: 16px;
+  padding-left: 10px;
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assets/css/syntax.css

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learn/beginner.md

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+---
+layout: page
+title: Beginner tutorial
+permalink: /learn/beginner
+---
+
+This tutorial is aimed at those with little or no programming experience or those
+wishing to refresh their knowledge of the basics.
+
+Jump to:
+
+- [Hello world first program](#hello-world)
+- [Variables](#variables)
+- [Controlling program flow (if,loops)](#controlling-program-flow)
+- [Procedures (functions,subroutines)](#procedures)
+
+## Hello world
+
+In this tutorial series we will use the free and open source [GNU Fortran compiler (gfortran)](https://gcc.gnu.org/fortran/).
+If you haven't already setup a Fortan compiler on your system, [see here](/learn/setup) for how to do so.
+
+{% include note.html content="Fortran is a <b>compiled language</b> which means that when written it must be passed through a
+compiler to produce a machine executable that can be run." %}
+
+Once you have setup up your compiler, open a new file in your favourite code editor and enter the following:
+
+```fortran
+program hello
+  print *, 'Hello, World!'
+end program hello
+```
+
+save the file in an empty directory with the name `hello.f90`.
+
+{% include note.html content=".f90 is the standard file extension for modern fortran source files.
+The 90 refers to the first modern fortran standard in 1990." %}
+
+Now to compile this program, first open your terminal and use the `cd` command to change directory to
+where you saved your `hello.f90` file:
+
+```shell
+$> cd /path/to/hello
+```
+
+Now type the following to compile your program:
+
+```shell
+$> gfortran hello.f90 -o hello
+```
+
+Here we have told the compiler to output the compiled program to an executable file called `hello`.
+To run this compiled program:
+
+```shell
+$> ./hello
+Hello, World!
+```
+
+In this first example we have used the `program` keyword followed by our program name to signify
+the start of our executable program. This is followed by the code we wish to execute and subsequently
+ _closed_ with a matching `end program` to signify where the program ends.
+
+## Variables
+
+Computer programs perform operations on data - this data is stored in _variables_ which each have 
+a name and a type.
+
+Fortran comes with 5 built-in data types:
+
+* `integer` -- for data that represent whole numbers, positive or negative
+* `real` -- for floating-point data (not a whole number)
+* `complex` -- pair consisting of a real part and an imaginary part
+* `character` -- for text data
+* `logical` -- for data that represent boolean (true or false) values
+
+### Declaring variables
+
+Before we can use a variable, we must first __declare__ the variable - this tells the compiler what
+the variable is called, it's data-type and its properties.
+
+{% include note.html content="Fortran is a <b>statically typed</b> language which means the type of each
+variable is fixed when the program is compiled - variable types cannot change while the program is running." %}
+
+In the following example program we declare variables of each built-in type:
+
+```fortran
+program variables
+implicit none
+
+integer :: count
+real :: pi
+complex :: frequency
+character :: initial
+logical :: isOkay
+
+end program variables
+```
+
+{% include tip.html content="Make sure to give your variables meaningful names and stick
+to a consistent naming style; this will save a lot of time for yourself and others
+when reading the code in the future." %}
+
+Note the additional line at the beginning of the program: `implicit none`.
+This statement tells the compiler that all variables will be explicitly declared; without 
+this statement variables will be implicitly typed according to the letter they begin with.
+
+{% include important.html content="Always use the <b>implicit none</b> statement at
+the beginning of each program and procedure. Implicit typing is considered bad practice in 
+modern programming since it hides information leading to more program errors." %}
+
+### Assigning values
+
+We can assign and reassign values to our variables using the _assignment_ operator `=`:
+
+```fortran
+count = 10
+pi = 4.141592
+frequency = (1.0,-0.5)
+initial = 'A'
+isOkay = .false.
+```
+
+Characters are surrounded by either single (`'`) or double quotes (`"`). In the above example, our
+character variable only contains space for a single letter; later on we will see how to store multiple
+characters (known as a _string_).
+
+Logical or boolean values can be either `.true.` or `.false.`.
+
+### Printing values
+
+We can use the `print` statement introduced earlier to print variable values to screen:
+
+```fortran
+print *, 'The value of count (integer) is: ',count
+print *, 'The value of pi (real) is: ',pi
+print *, 'The value of frequency (complex) is: ',frequency
+print *, 'The value of initial (character) is: ',initial
+print *, 'The value of isOkay (logical) is: ',isOkay
+```
+
+
+## Arrays
+
+## Controlling program flow
+
+### Conditional construct (`if`)
+
+
+### Loop constructs (`do`)
+
+## Procedures
+
+### Functions
+
+Here's a function that returns a cube-root of a real number:
+
+```fortran
+real function cbrt(x)
+  real, intent(in) :: x
+  cbrt = x**(1. / 3)
+end function cbrt
+```
+
+### Subroutines
+
+

learn/best_practices.md

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+---
+layout: page
+title: Fortran best practices
+permalink: /learn/best_practices
+---

learn/index.md

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+---
+layout: page
+title: Learn Fortran
+permalink: /learn/
+---
+
+
+## Why learn Fortran?
+
+
+
+## Tutorials
+
+- [__Compiler setup__](/learn/setup): _setting up a fortran compiler for the first time._
+
+- [__Beginner__](/learn/beginner): _for those with little or no programming experience_.
+    - Basic programming concepts
+    - Declaring variables and arrays of different data types
+    - Conditional and looping constructs
+
+- __Intermediate__ (_under development_): _for those with some programming experience
+    - Syntax for variable declaration, conditional and looping constructs
+    - Dynamic arrays
+    - Writing functions and subroutines
+    - Using modules to group functions, subroutines and data
+
+- __Advanced__ (_under development_): _for those familiar with advanced programming concepts_
+    - Fortran-specific concepts compared to other languages
+    - Fortran syntax for variable declaration, conditional and looping constructs
+    - Dynamic arrays and pointers
+    - Functions, subroutines, modules and submodules
+    - Derived types, methods and type-extension
+    - Generic programming
+
+## Other articles
+
+- [__Best practices__](/learn/best_practices): _recommendations and guidelines for writing good Fortran code._

learn/setup.md

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+---
+layout: page
+title: Compiler setup
+permalink: /learn/setup
+---
+
+
+Fortran is a compiled language which means that when written it must be passed through a
+compiler to produce a machine executable that can be run.
+
+This is in contrast to interpreted languages which can be run directly from the source file
+using a special _interpreter_ program.
+
+In this tutorial, we'll work with the free and open source 
+[GNU Fortran compiler (gfortran)](https://gcc.gnu.org/fortran/), 
+which is part of the 
+[GNU Compiler Colection (GCC)](https://gcc.gnu.org/).
+
+To install gfortran on Linux, use your system package manager.
+Otherwise, for macOS or Windows, refer to gfortran binaries from 
+[this page](https://gcc.gnu.org/install/binaries.html).
+
+To check if you have _gfortran_ setup correctly, open a terminal and run the following command :
+
+```shell
+$> gfortran --version
+```
+
+this should output something like:
+
+```
+GNU Fortran 7.5.0
+Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
+warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+```
+
+If this command works then you are ready to [write and compile your first Fortran program](/learn/beginner).