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Add yacht exercise (#549)
* Add yacht exercise * restructure solution with inpiration from Java track * add editor file
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‎config.json‎

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"prerequisites": [],
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"difficulty": 4
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},
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{
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"slug": "yacht",
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"name": "Yacht",
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"uuid": "ba68d326-f612-4e99-95da-697d6b0dc8a7",
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"practices": [],
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"prerequisites": [],
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"difficulty": 4
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},
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{
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"slug": "sieve",
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"name": "Sieve of Eratosthenes",

‎exercises/practice/yacht/.docs/instructions.md‎

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# Instructions
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The dice game [Yacht][yacht] is from the same family as Poker Dice, Generala and particularly Yahtzee, of which it is a precursor.
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In the game, five dice are rolled and the result can be entered in any of twelve categories.
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The score of a throw of the dice depends on category chosen.
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## Scores in Yacht
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| Category | Score | Description | Example |
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| --------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
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| Ones | 1 × number of ones | Any combination | 1 1 1 4 5 scores 3 |
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| Twos | 2 × number of twos | Any combination | 2 2 3 4 5 scores 4 |
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| Threes | 3 × number of threes | Any combination | 3 3 3 3 3 scores 15 |
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| Fours | 4 × number of fours | Any combination | 1 2 3 3 5 scores 0 |
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| Fives | 5 × number of fives | Any combination | 5 1 5 2 5 scores 15 |
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| Sixes | 6 × number of sixes | Any combination | 2 3 4 5 6 scores 6 |
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| Full House | Total of the dice | Three of one number and two of another | 3 3 3 5 5 scores 19 |
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| Four of a Kind | Total of the four dice | At least four dice showing the same face | 4 4 4 4 6 scores 16 |
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| Little Straight | 30 points | 1-2-3-4-5 | 1 2 3 4 5 scores 30 |
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| Big Straight | 30 points | 2-3-4-5-6 | 2 3 4 5 6 scores 30 |
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| Choice | Sum of the dice | Any combination | 2 3 3 4 6 scores 18 |
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| Yacht | 50 points | All five dice showing the same face | 4 4 4 4 4 scores 50 |
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If the dice do not satisfy the requirements of a category, the score is zero.
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If, for example, _Four Of A Kind_ is entered in the _Yacht_ category, zero points are scored.
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A _Yacht_ scores zero if entered in the _Full House_ category.
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## Task
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Given a list of values for five dice and a category, your solution should return the score of the dice for that category.
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If the dice do not satisfy the requirements of the category your solution should return 0.
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You can assume that five values will always be presented, and the value of each will be between one and six inclusively.
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You should not assume that the dice are ordered.
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[yacht]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacht_(dice_game)

‎exercises/practice/yacht/.meta/config.json‎

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{
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"authors": [
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"glennj"
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],
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"files": {
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"solution": [
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"lib/yacht.dart"
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],
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"test": [
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"test/yacht_test.dart"
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],
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"example": [
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".meta/lib/example.dart"
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],
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"editor": [
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"lib/categories.dart"
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]
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},
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"blurb": "Score a single throw of dice in the game Yacht.",
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"source": "James Kilfiger, using wikipedia",
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"source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacht_(dice_game)"
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}

‎exercises/practice/yacht/.meta/lib/example.dart‎

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import 'package:yacht/categories.dart';
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class Yacht {
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List<int> dice;
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Yacht(this.dice);
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int score(Category category) {
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return switch(category) {
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Category.ones => singles(1),
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Category.twos => singles(2),
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Category.threes => singles(3),
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Category.fours => singles(4),
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Category.fives => singles(5),
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Category.sixes => singles(6),
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Category.full_house => full_house(),
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Category.four_of_a_kind => four_of_a_kind(),
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Category.little_straight => little_straight(),
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Category.big_straight => big_straight(),
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Category.choice => choice(),
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Category.yacht => yacht(),
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};
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}
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int yacht() {
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Set<int> uniq = Set.from(dice);
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return uniq.length == 1 ? 50 : 0;
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}
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int choice() => dice.fold(0, (sum, die) => sum + die);
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Map<int, int> _count() {
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var empty = <int, int>{1: 0, 2: 0, 3: 0, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 0};
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return dice.fold(empty, (counts, die) {
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counts.update(die, (c) => c + 1);
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return counts;
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});
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}
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int four_of_a_kind() {
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var c = _count();
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int score = 0;
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c.forEach((die, count) {
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if (count >= 4) score = 4 * die;
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});
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return score;
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}
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int full_house() {
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var c = _count();
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c.removeWhere((_, count) => count == 0);
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return c.length == 2 && c.containsValue(3) ? choice() : 0;
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}
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int little_straight() => _straight({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
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int big_straight() => _straight({2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
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int _straight(Set<int> needed) => Set.from(dice).containsAll(needed) ? 30 : 0;
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int singles(int die) {
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var c = _count();
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return die * (c[die] ?? 0);
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}
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}

‎exercises/practice/yacht/.meta/tests.toml‎

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# This is an auto-generated file.
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#
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# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
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# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
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# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
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# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
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# - Preserve any other key/value pair
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#
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# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
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# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
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[3060e4a5-4063-4deb-a380-a630b43a84b6]
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description = "Yacht"
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[15026df2-f567-482f-b4d5-5297d57769d9]
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description = "Not Yacht"
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[36b6af0c-ca06-4666-97de-5d31213957a4]
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description = "Ones"
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[023a07c8-6c6e-44d0-bc17-efc5e1b8205a]
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description = "Ones, out of order"
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[7189afac-cccd-4a74-8182-1cb1f374e496]
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description = "No ones"
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[793c4292-dd14-49c4-9707-6d9c56cee725]
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description = "Twos"
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[dc41bceb-d0c5-4634-a734-c01b4233a0c6]
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description = "Fours"
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[f6125417-5c8a-4bca-bc5b-b4b76d0d28c8]
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description = "Yacht counted as threes"
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[464fc809-96ed-46e4-acb8-d44e302e9726]
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description = "Yacht of 3s counted as fives"
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[d054227f-3a71-4565-a684-5c7e621ec1e9]
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description = "Fives"
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[e8a036e0-9d21-443a-8b5f-e15a9e19a761]
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description = "Sixes"
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[51cb26db-6b24-49af-a9ff-12f53b252eea]
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description = "Full house two small, three big"
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[1822ca9d-f235-4447-b430-2e8cfc448f0c]
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description = "Full house three small, two big"
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[b208a3fc-db2e-4363-a936-9e9a71e69c07]
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description = "Two pair is not a full house"
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[b90209c3-5956-445b-8a0b-0ac8b906b1c2]
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description = "Four of a kind is not a full house"
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[32a3f4ee-9142-4edf-ba70-6c0f96eb4b0c]
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description = "Yacht is not a full house"
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[b286084d-0568-4460-844a-ba79d71d79c6]
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description = "Four of a Kind"
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[f25c0c90-5397-4732-9779-b1e9b5f612ca]
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description = "Yacht can be scored as Four of a Kind"
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[9f8ef4f0-72bb-401a-a871-cbad39c9cb08]
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description = "Full house is not Four of a Kind"
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[b4743c82-1eb8-4a65-98f7-33ad126905cd]
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description = "Little Straight"
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[7ac08422-41bf-459c-8187-a38a12d080bc]
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description = "Little Straight as Big Straight"
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[97bde8f7-9058-43ea-9de7-0bc3ed6d3002]
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description = "Four in order but not a little straight"
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[cef35ff9-9c5e-4fd2-ae95-6e4af5e95a99]
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description = "No pairs but not a little straight"
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[fd785ad2-c060-4e45-81c6-ea2bbb781b9d]
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description = "Minimum is 1, maximum is 5, but not a little straight"
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[35bd74a6-5cf6-431a-97a3-4f713663f467]
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description = "Big Straight"
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[87c67e1e-3e87-4f3a-a9b1-62927822b250]
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description = "Big Straight as little straight"
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[c1fa0a3a-40ba-4153-a42d-32bc34d2521e]
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description = "No pairs but not a big straight"
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[207e7300-5d10-43e5-afdd-213e3ac8827d]
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description = "Choice"
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[b524c0cf-32d2-4b40-8fb3-be3500f3f135]
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description = "Yacht as choice"

‎exercises/practice/yacht/analysis_options.yaml‎

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analyzer:
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strong-mode:
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implicit-casts: false
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implicit-dynamic: false
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errors:
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unused_element: error
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unused_import: error
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unused_local_variable: error
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dead_code: error
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linter:
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rules:
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# Error Rules
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- avoid_relative_lib_imports
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- avoid_types_as_parameter_names
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- literal_only_boolean_expressions
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- no_adjacent_strings_in_list
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- valid_regexps

‎exercises/practice/yacht/lib/categories.dart‎

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enum Category {
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ones,
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twos,
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fours,
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threes,
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fives,
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sixes,
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full_house,
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four_of_a_kind,
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little_straight,
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big_straight,
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choice,
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yacht,
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}

‎exercises/practice/yacht/lib/yacht.dart‎

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import 'package:yacht/categories.dart';
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class Yacht {
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// Your code here.
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}

‎exercises/practice/yacht/pubspec.yaml‎

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name: 'yacht'
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environment:
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sdk: '>=3.2.0 <4.0.0'
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dev_dependencies:
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test: '<2.0.0'

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