Support non-NULL pointer constants in the SMT back-end

[tautschnig]

We just treat them as bit vectors. Such constants arise when more constant propagation is enabled (via union field sensitivity) in the havoc_slice regression tests.

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• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 77.99% // Head: 78.00% // Increases project coverage by +0.00% 🎉

Coverage data is based on head (062bc0c) compared to base (9d51ea2).
Patch coverage: 93.02% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #7249   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    77.99%   78.00%           
========================================
  Files         1619     1621    +2     
  Lines       187194   187279   +85     
========================================
+ Hits        146007   146088   +81     
- Misses       41187    41191    +4     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/cprover/console.cpp	29.06% <0.00%> (-2.19%)	⬇️
src/cprover/console.h	66.66% <ø> (ø)
src/cprover/cprover_parse_options.cpp	56.58% <0.00%> (ø)
src/goto-programs/goto_trace.cpp	81.41% <ø> (ø)
unit/util/expr_cast/expr_cast.cpp	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/solvers/flattening/boolbv_byte_extract.cpp	69.73% <75.00%> (-0.40%)	⬇️
src/cprover/solver_progress.cpp	80.00% <80.00%> (ø)
src/util/pointer_offset_size.cpp	92.72% <83.72%> (-0.12%)	⬇️
src/util/simplify_expr.cpp	83.90% <97.29%> (+0.12%)	⬆️
...de/java_trace_validation/java_trace_validation.cpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 19 more

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