fix(cdk/testing): simulate focusin/focusout events (#23768)

Fixes that our fake fallback focus events weren't dispatching `focusin` and `focusout` events as well.

Fixes #23757.

(cherry picked from commit 3cd505f)

Author: crisbeto

src/cdk/testing/testbed/fake-events/element-focus.ts

@@ -14,20 +14,29 @@ function triggerFocusChange(element: HTMLElement, event: 'focus' | 'blur') {
   element.addEventListener(event, handler);
   element[event]();
   element.removeEventListener(event, handler);
+
+  // Some browsers won't move focus if the browser window is blurred while other will move it
+  // asynchronously. If that is the case, we fake the event sequence as a fallback.
   if (!eventFired) {
-    dispatchFakeEvent(element, event);
+    simulateFocusSequence(element, event);
   }
 }
 
+/** Simulates the full event sequence for a focus event. */
+function simulateFocusSequence(element: HTMLElement, event: 'focus' | 'blur') {
+  dispatchFakeEvent(element, event);
+  dispatchFakeEvent(element, event === 'focus' ? 'focusin' : 'focusout');
+}
+
 /**
  * Patches an elements focus and blur methods to emit events consistently and predictably.
  * This is necessary, because some browsers, like IE11, will call the focus handlers asynchronously,
  * while others won't fire them at all if the browser window is not focused.
  * @docs-private
  */
 export function patchElementFocus(element: HTMLElement) {
-  element.focus = () => dispatchFakeEvent(element, 'focus');
-  element.blur = () => dispatchFakeEvent(element, 'blur');
+  element.focus = () => simulateFocusSequence(element, 'focus');
+  element.blur = () => simulateFocusSequence(element, 'blur');
 }
 
 /** @docs-private */