SI-7965 Support calls to MethodHandle.{invoke,invokeExact}

These methods are "signature polymorphic", which means that compiler
should not:
  1. adapt the arguments to `Object`
  2. wrap the repeated parameters in an array
  3. adapt the result type to `Object`, but instead treat it as it
     it already conforms to the expected type.

Dispiritingly, my initial attempt to implement this touched the type
checker, uncurry, erasure, and the backend.

However, I realized we could centralize handling of this in the typer
if at each application we substituted the signature polymorphic
symbol with a clone that carried its implied signature, which is
derived from the types of the arguments (typechecked without an
expected type) and position within and enclosing cast or block.

The test case requires Java 7+ to compile so is currently embedded
in a conditionally compiled block of code in a run test.

We ought to create a partest category for modern JVMs so we can
write such tests in a more natural style.

Here's how this looks in bytecode. Note the `bipush` / `istore`
before/after the invocation of `invokeExact`, and the descriptor
`(LO$;I)I`.

```
% cat sandbox/poly-sig.scala && qscala Test && echo ':javap Test$#main' | qscala
import java.lang.invoke._

object O {
  def bar(x: Int): Int = -x
}

object Test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    def lookup(name: String, params: Array[Class[_]], ret: Class[_]) = {
      val lookup = java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.lookup
      val mt = MethodType.methodType(ret, params)
      lookup.findVirtual(O.getClass, name, mt)
    }
    def lookupBar = lookup("bar", Array(classOf[Int]), classOf[Int])

    val barResult: Int = lookupBar.invokeExact(O, 42)
    ()
  }
}

scala> :javap Test$#main
  public void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=3, locals=3, args_size=2
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #18                 // Method lookupBar$1:()Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;
         4: getstatic     #23                 // Field O$.MODULE$:LO$;
         7: bipush        42
         9: invokevirtual #29                 // Method java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.invokeExact:(LO$;I)I
        12: istore_2
        13: return
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      14     0  this   LTest$;
            0      14     1  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
           13       0     2 barResult   I
      LineNumberTable:
        line 16: 0
}
```

I've run this test across our active JVMs:

```
% for v in 1.6 1.7 1.8; do java_use $v; pt --terse test/files/run/t7965.scala || break; done
java version "1.6.0_65"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_65-b14-466.1-11M4716)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.65-b04-466.1, mixed mode)
Selected 1 tests drawn from specified tests

.

1/1 passed (elapsed time: 00:00:02)
Test Run PASSED
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_71-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.71-b01, mixed mode)
Selected 1 tests drawn from specified tests

.

1/1 passed (elapsed time: 00:00:07)
Test Run PASSED
java version "1.8.0_25"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_25-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.25-b02, mixed mode)
Selected 1 tests drawn from specified tests

.

1/1 passed (elapsed time: 00:00:05)
Test Run PASSED
```

Author: retronym

src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Typers.scala

@@ -3281,6 +3281,22 @@ trait Typers extends Adaptations with Tags with TypersTracking with PatternTyper
           }
           handleOverloaded
 
+        case _ if isPolymorphicSignature(fun.symbol) =>
+          // Mimic's Java's treatment of polymorphic signatures as described in
+          // https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-15.html#jls-15.12.3
+          //
+          // One can think of these methods as being infinitely overloaded. We create
+          // a ficticious new cloned method symbol for each call site that takes on a signature
+          // governed by a) the argument types and b) the expected type
+          val args1 = typedArgs(args, forArgMode(fun, mode))
+          val pts = args1.map(_.tpe.deconst)
+          val clone = fun.symbol.cloneSymbol
+          val cloneParams = pts map (pt => clone.newValueParameter(currentUnit.freshTermName()).setInfo(pt))
+          val resultType = if (isFullyDefined(pt)) pt else ObjectTpe
+          clone.modifyInfo(mt => copyMethodType(mt, cloneParams, resultType))
+          val fun1 = fun.setSymbol(clone).setType(clone.info)
+          doTypedApply(tree, fun1, args1, mode, resultType).setType(resultType)
+
         case mt @ MethodType(params, _) =>
           val paramTypes = mt.paramTypes
           // repeat vararg as often as needed, remove by-name

src/reflect/scala/reflect/internal/Definitions.scala

@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@ trait Definitions extends api.StandardDefinitions {
     lazy val ScalaSignatureAnnotation = requiredClass[scala.reflect.ScalaSignature]
     lazy val ScalaLongSignatureAnnotation = requiredClass[scala.reflect.ScalaLongSignature]
 
+    lazy val MethodHandle = getClassIfDefined("java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle")
+
     // Option classes
     lazy val OptionClass: ClassSymbol   = requiredClass[Option[_]]
     lazy val OptionModule: ModuleSymbol = requiredModule[scala.Option.type]
@@ -1508,6 +1510,9 @@ trait Definitions extends api.StandardDefinitions {
 
       lazy val PartialManifestClass  = getTypeMember(ReflectPackage, tpnme.ClassManifest)
       lazy val ManifestSymbols = Set[Symbol](PartialManifestClass, FullManifestClass, OptManifestClass)
+
+      def isPolymorphicSignature(sym: Symbol) = PolySigMethods(sym)
+      private lazy val PolySigMethods: Set[Symbol] = Set[Symbol](MethodHandle.info.decl(sn.Invoke), MethodHandle.info.decl(sn.InvokeExact)).filter(_.exists)
     }
   }
 }

src/reflect/scala/reflect/internal/StdNames.scala

@@ -1147,6 +1147,7 @@ trait StdNames {
     final val GetClassLoader: TermName   = newTermName("getClassLoader")
     final val GetMethod: TermName        = newTermName("getMethod")
     final val Invoke: TermName           = newTermName("invoke")
+    final val InvokeExact: TermName      = newTermName("invokeExact")
 
     val Boxed = immutable.Map[TypeName, TypeName](
       tpnme.Boolean -> BoxedBoolean,

src/reflect/scala/reflect/runtime/JavaUniverseForce.scala

@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ trait JavaUniverseForce { self: runtime.JavaUniverse  =>
     definitions.QuasiquoteClass_api_unapply
     definitions.ScalaSignatureAnnotation
     definitions.ScalaLongSignatureAnnotation
+    definitions.MethodHandle
     definitions.OptionClass
     definitions.OptionModule
     definitions.SomeClass

test/files/run/t7965.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Test that scala doesn't apply boxing or varargs conversions to the
+// @PolymorphicSignature magical methods, MethodHandle#{invoke, invokeExact}
+object Test {
+  val code = """
+
+object O {
+  private def foo = "foo"
+  private def bar(x: Int): Int = -x
+  private def baz(x: Box): Unit = x.a = "present"
+  val lookup = java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.lookup
+}
+
+import java.lang.invoke._
+class Box(var a: Any)
+
+object Test {
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
+    def lookup(name: String, params: Array[Class[_]], ret: Class[_]) = {
+      val mt = MethodType.methodType(ret, params)
+      O.lookup.findVirtual(O.getClass, name, mt)
+    }
+    val fooResult = (lookup("foo", Array(), classOf[String]).invokeExact(O): Int)
+    assert(fooResult == "foo")
+
+    val barResult = (lookup("bar", Array(classOf[Int]), classOf[Int]).invokeExact(O, 42): Int)
+    assert(barResult == -42)
+
+    val box = new Box(null)
+    (lookup("baz", Array(classOf[Box]), Void.TYPE).invokeExact(O, box) : Unit)
+    assert(box.a == "present")
+
+    // Note: Application in statement position in a block in Java also infers return type of Unit,
+    // but we don't support that, ascribe the type to Unit as above.
+    // as done in Java.
+    // lookup("baz", Array(classOf[Box]), Void.TYPE).invokeExact(O, box)
+    ()
+  }
+}
+
+"""
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
+    if (util.Properties.isJavaAtLeast("1.7")) test()
+  }
+
+  def test() {
+    import scala.reflect.runtime._
+    import scala.tools.reflect.ToolBox
+
+    val m = currentMirror
+    val tb = m.mkToolBox()
+    import tb._
+    eval(parse(code))
+  }
+}