diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 4737659b..e97a7452 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: [2.7, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9]
+        python: [3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9]
         platform: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
     steps:
diff --git a/coverage.ini b/coverage.ini
index da82b3df..be7e32a4 100644
--- a/coverage.ini
+++ b/coverage.ini
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ omit =
     .tox/*/lib/python*/site-packages/*
     */tests/*.py
     */testing/*.py
-    importlib_resources/_py${OMIT}.py
     importlib_resources/__init__.py
     importlib_resources/_compat.py
     importlib_resources/abc.py
diff --git a/docs/changelog.rst b/docs/changelog.rst
index 724203c5..f47c46cb 100644
--- a/docs/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/changelog.rst
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
  importlib_resources NEWS
 ==========================
 
+v4.0.0
+======
+
+* #108: Drop support for Python 2.7. Now requires Python 3.6+.
+
 v3.3.1
 ======
 
diff --git a/importlib_resources/__init__.py b/importlib_resources/__init__.py
index f122f95e..da2047cd 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
 """Read resources contained within a package."""
 
-import sys
-
 from ._common import (
     as_file, files,
     )
 
+from importlib_resources._py3 import (
+    Package,
+    Resource,
+    contents,
+    is_resource,
+    open_binary,
+    open_text,
+    path,
+    read_binary,
+    read_text,
+    )
+from importlib_resources.abc import ResourceReader
+
 # For compatibility. Ref #88.
 # Also requires hook-importlib_resources.py (Ref #101).
 __import__('importlib_resources.trees')
@@ -25,29 +36,3 @@
     'read_binary',
     'read_text',
     ]
-
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3,):
-    from importlib_resources._py3 import (
-        Package,
-        Resource,
-        contents,
-        is_resource,
-        open_binary,
-        open_text,
-        path,
-        read_binary,
-        read_text,
-        )
-    from importlib_resources.abc import ResourceReader
-else:
-    from importlib_resources._py2 import (
-        contents,
-        is_resource,
-        open_binary,
-        open_text,
-        path,
-        read_binary,
-        read_text,
-        )
-    del __all__[:3]
diff --git a/importlib_resources/_common.py b/importlib_resources/_common.py
index a7c2bf81..ffb0b3b0 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/_common.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/_common.py
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import os
 import tempfile
 import contextlib
 import types
 import importlib
+from pathlib import Path
+from functools import singledispatch
 
-from ._compat import (
-    Path, FileNotFoundError,
-    singledispatch, package_spec,
-    )
+from ._compat import package_spec
 
 if False:  # TYPE_CHECKING
     from typing import Union, Any, Optional
diff --git a/importlib_resources/_compat.py b/importlib_resources/_compat.py
index 70b0f6b4..3c3f33bf 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/_compat.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/_compat.py
@@ -1,47 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
+import abc
 import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
 
 # flake8: noqa
 
-if sys.version_info > (3,5):
-    from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-else:
-    from pathlib2 import Path, PurePath                         # type: ignore
-
-
-if sys.version_info > (3,):
-    from contextlib import suppress
-else:
-    from contextlib2 import suppress                         # type: ignore
-
-
-try:
-    from functools import singledispatch
-except ImportError:
-    from singledispatch import singledispatch                   # type: ignore
-
-
-try:
-    from abc import ABC                                         # type: ignore
-except ImportError:
-    from abc import ABCMeta
-
-    class ABC(object):                                          # type: ignore
-        __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
-
-
-try:
-    FileNotFoundError = FileNotFoundError                       # type: ignore
-except NameError:
-    FileNotFoundError = OSError                                 # type: ignore
-
-
-try:
-    NotADirectoryError = NotADirectoryError                       # type: ignore
-except NameError:
-    NotADirectoryError = OSError                                 # type: ignore
-
-
 try:
     from zipfile import Path as ZipPath  # type: ignore
 except ImportError:
@@ -58,15 +20,7 @@ def runtime_checkable(cls):  # type: ignore
 try:
     from typing import Protocol  # type: ignore
 except ImportError:
-    Protocol = ABC  # type: ignore
-
-
-__metaclass__ = type
-
-
-class PackageSpec:
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        vars(self).update(kwargs)
+    Protocol = abc.ABC  # type: ignore
 
 
 class TraversableResourcesAdapter:
@@ -88,7 +42,6 @@ def __init__(self, spec):
 
     @property
     def path(self):
-        # Python < 3
         return self.spec.origin
 
     def get_resource_reader(self, name):
@@ -129,11 +82,4 @@ def package_spec(package):
     matching the interfaces this library relies upon
     in later Python versions.
     """
-    spec = getattr(package, '__spec__', None) or \
-        PackageSpec(
-            origin=package.__file__,
-            loader=getattr(package, '__loader__', None),
-            name=package.__name__,
-            submodule_search_locations=getattr(package, '__path__', None),
-        )
-    return TraversableResourcesAdapter(spec)
+    return TraversableResourcesAdapter(package.__spec__)
diff --git a/importlib_resources/_py2.py b/importlib_resources/_py2.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dd8c7d62..00000000
--- a/importlib_resources/_py2.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import errno
-
-from . import _common
-from ._compat import FileNotFoundError
-from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper, open as io_open
-
-
-def open_binary(package, resource):
-    """Return a file-like object opened for binary reading of the resource."""
-    resource = _common.normalize_path(resource)
-    package = _common.get_package(package)
-    # Using pathlib doesn't work well here due to the lack of 'strict' argument
-    # for pathlib.Path.resolve() prior to Python 3.6.
-    package_path = os.path.dirname(package.__file__)
-    relative_path = os.path.join(package_path, resource)
-    full_path = os.path.abspath(relative_path)
-    try:
-        return io_open(full_path, 'rb')
-    except IOError:
-        # This might be a package in a zip file.  zipimport provides a loader
-        # with a functioning get_data() method, however we have to strip the
-        # archive (i.e. the .zip file's name) off the front of the path.  This
-        # is because the zipimport loader in Python 2 doesn't actually follow
-        # PEP 302.  It should allow the full path, but actually requires that
-        # the path be relative to the zip file.
-        try:
-            loader = package.__loader__
-            full_path = relative_path[len(loader.archive)+1:]
-            data = loader.get_data(full_path)
-        except (IOError, AttributeError):
-            package_name = package.__name__
-            message = '{!r} resource not found in {!r}'.format(
-                resource, package_name)
-            raise FileNotFoundError(message)
-        return BytesIO(data)
-
-
-def open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
-    """Return a file-like object opened for text reading of the resource."""
-    return TextIOWrapper(
-        open_binary(package, resource), encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
-
-
-def read_binary(package, resource):
-    """Return the binary contents of the resource."""
-    with open_binary(package, resource) as fp:
-        return fp.read()
-
-
-def read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
-    """Return the decoded string of the resource.
-
-    The decoding-related arguments have the same semantics as those of
-    bytes.decode().
-    """
-    with open_text(package, resource, encoding, errors) as fp:
-        return fp.read()
-
-
-def path(package, resource):
-    """A context manager providing a file path object to the resource.
-
-    If the resource does not already exist on its own on the file system,
-    a temporary file will be created. If the file was created, the file
-    will be deleted upon exiting the context manager (no exception is
-    raised if the file was deleted prior to the context manager
-    exiting).
-    """
-    path = _common.files(package).joinpath(_common.normalize_path(resource))
-    if not path.is_file():
-        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
-    return _common.as_file(path)
-
-
-def is_resource(package, name):
-    """True if name is a resource inside package.
-
-    Directories are *not* resources.
-    """
-    package = _common.get_package(package)
-    _common.normalize_path(name)
-    try:
-        package_contents = set(contents(package))
-    except OSError as error:
-        if error.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR):
-            # We won't hit this in the Python 2 tests, so it'll appear
-            # uncovered.  We could mock os.listdir() to return a non-ENOENT or
-            # ENOTDIR, but then we'd have to depend on another external
-            # library since Python 2 doesn't have unittest.mock.  It's not
-            # worth it.
-            raise                     # pragma: nocover
-        return False
-    if name not in package_contents:
-        return False
-    return (_common.from_package(package) / name).is_file()
-
-
-def contents(package):
-    """Return an iterable of entries in `package`.
-
-    Note that not all entries are resources.  Specifically, directories are
-    not considered resources.  Use `is_resource()` on each entry returned here
-    to check if it is a resource or not.
-    """
-    package = _common.get_package(package)
-    return list(item.name for item in _common.from_package(package).iterdir())
diff --git a/importlib_resources/abc.py b/importlib_resources/abc.py
index 18bc4ef8..4d190c36 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/abc.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/abc.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import abc
 
-from ._compat import ABC, FileNotFoundError, runtime_checkable, Protocol
+from ._compat import runtime_checkable, Protocol
 
 # Use mypy's comment syntax for Python 2 compatibility
 try:
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@
     pass
 
 
-class ResourceReader(ABC):
+class ResourceReader(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """Abstract base class for loaders to provide resource reading support."""
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
diff --git a/importlib_resources/readers.py b/importlib_resources/readers.py
index ce9c0cae..38ffe097 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/readers.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/readers.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import os.path
 
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from . import abc
 
-from ._compat import Path, ZipPath
-from ._compat import FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError
+from ._compat import ZipPath
 
 
 class FileReader(abc.TraversableResources):
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py b/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
index edadf450..4c99cffd 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
@@ -1,23 +1,12 @@
-try:
-    from test.support import import_helper  # type: ignore
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        # Python 3.9 and earlier
-        class import_helper:  # type: ignore
-            from test.support import modules_setup, modules_cleanup
-    except ImportError:
-        from . import py27compat
-
-        class import_helper:  # type: ignore
-            modules_setup = staticmethod(py27compat.modules_setup)
-            modules_cleanup = staticmethod(py27compat.modules_cleanup)
+import os
 
 
 try:
-    from os import fspath  # type: ignore
+    from test.support import import_helper  # type: ignore
 except ImportError:
-    # Python 3.5
-    fspath = str  # type: ignore
+    # Python 3.9 and earlier
+    class import_helper:  # type: ignore
+        from test.support import modules_setup, modules_cleanup
 
 
 try:
@@ -27,4 +16,4 @@ class import_helper:  # type: ignore
     from test.support import unlink as _unlink
 
     def unlink(target):
-        return _unlink(fspath(target))
+        return _unlink(os.fspath(target))
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/py27compat.py b/importlib_resources/tests/py27compat.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 90c959e5..00000000
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/py27compat.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-
-def modules_setup():
-    return sys.modules.copy(),
-
-
-def modules_cleanup(oldmodules):
-    # Encoders/decoders are registered permanently within the internal
-    # codec cache. If we destroy the corresponding modules their
-    # globals will be set to None which will trip up the cached functions.
-    encodings = [(k, v) for k, v in sys.modules.items()
-                 if k.startswith('encodings.')]
-    sys.modules.clear()
-    sys.modules.update(encodings)
-    # XXX: This kind of problem can affect more than just encodings.
-    # In particular extension modules (such as _ssl) don't cope
-    # with reloading properly. Really, test modules should be cleaning
-    # out the test specific modules they know they added (ala test_runpy)
-    # rather than relying on this function (as test_importhooks and test_pkg
-    # do currently). Implicitly imported *real* modules should be left alone
-    # (see issue 10556).
-    sys.modules.update(oldmodules)
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/test_open.py b/importlib_resources/tests/test_open.py
index 930570a0..9b35ffa6 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/test_open.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/tests/test_open.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import importlib_resources as resources
 from . import data01
 from . import util
-from .._compat import FileNotFoundError
 
 
 class CommonBinaryTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py b/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
index 4370b850..e2fad42e 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 from importlib import import_module
 from importlib_resources.readers import MultiplexedPath, NamespaceReader
 
-from .._compat import FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError
-
 
 class MultiplexedPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py b/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
index 2151a1ad..4dbbb84e 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 import unittest
 import importlib_resources as resources
 import uuid
-
-from importlib_resources._compat import Path
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from . import data01
 from . import zipdata01, zipdata02
diff --git a/importlib_resources/tests/util.py b/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
index 1d6fa729..b8a69078 100644
--- a/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
+++ b/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 import sys
 import types
 import unittest
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 
 from . import data01
 from . import zipdata01
-from .._compat import ABC, Path, PurePath, FileNotFoundError
 from ..abc import ResourceReader
 from ._compat import import_helper
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def contents(self):
     return module
 
 
-class CommonTests(ABC):
+class CommonTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def execute(self, package, path):
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 916040f9..8d7cae21 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -11,21 +11,17 @@ classifiers =
     Intended Audience :: Developers
     License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
     Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: only
 project_urls =
     Documentation = https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/
 
 [options]
 packages = find:
 include_package_data = true
-python_requires = >=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*
+python_requires = >=3.6
 install_requires =
-    pathlib2; python_version < '3'
-    typing; python_version < '3.5'
     zipp >= 0.4; python_version < '3.8'
-    singledispatch; python_version < '3.4'
-    contextlib2; python_version < '3'
 setup_requires = setuptools_scm[toml] >= 3.4.1
 
 [mypy]
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index ca607e64..05947b6f 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tox]
 # Coverage is missing on later version of Python
-envlist = {py27,py36,py37,py38,py39}{,-cov,-diffcov},qa,docs
+envlist = {py36,py37,py38,py39}{,-cov,-diffcov},qa,docs
 skip_missing_interpreters = True
 toxworkdir={env:TOX_WORK_DIR:.tox}
 
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ setenv =
     cov: COVERAGE_PROCESS_START={[coverage]rcfile}
     cov: COVERAGE_OPTIONS="-p"
     cov: COVERAGE_FILE={toxinidir}/.coverage
-    py27: OMIT=3
-    py36,py37,py38,py39: OMIT=2
 
 
 [testenv:qa]