Code to reproduce:

  Py_Initialize();
  Py_FinalizeEx();
  Py_Initialize();
  Py_FinalizeEx();

First initialisation of main interpreter GIL during Py_Initialize():

static void create_gil(struct _gil_runtime_state *gil)
{
    MUTEX_INIT(gil->mutex);

>	vfbasics.dll!AVrfpRtlInitializeCriticalSection()	Unknown
 	python312_d.dll!create_gil(_gil_runtime_state * gil) Line 240	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_own_gil(_is * interp, _gil_runtime_state * gil) Line 524	C
 	python312_d.dll!_PyEval_InitGIL(_ts * tstate, int own_gil) Line 545	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_interp_create_gil(_ts * tstate, int own_gil) Line 604	C
 	python312_d.dll!pycore_create_interpreter(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 652	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_config(pyruntimestate * runtime, _ts * * tstate_p, const PyConfig * config) Line 887	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_core(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 1056	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig * config) Line 1251	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) Line 1289	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_Initialize() Line 1300	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 30	C++

Defer finalisation of main interpreter GIL during Py_FinalizeEx():

static void
finalize_interp_delete(PyInterpreterState *interp)
{
    /* Cleanup auto-thread-state */
    _PyGILState_Fini(interp);

    /* We can't call _PyEval_FiniGIL() here because destroying the GIL lock can
       fail when it is being awaited by another running daemon thread (see
       bpo-9901). Instead pycore_create_interpreter() destroys the previously
       created GIL, which ensures that Py_Initialize / Py_FinalizeEx can be
       called multiple times. */

>	python312_d.dll!finalize_interp_delete(_is * interp) Line 1746	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_FinalizeEx() Line 1943	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 31	C++

Set interp->ceval.gil = NULL for _PyRuntime._main_interpreter during second Py_Initialize():

    if (runtime->_initialized) {
        // Py_Initialize() must be running again.
        // Reset to _PyRuntimeState_INIT.
        memcpy(runtime, &initial, sizeof(*runtime));
    }

>	python312_d.dll!_PyRuntimeState_Init(pyruntimestate * runtime) Line 471	C
 	python312_d.dll!_PyRuntime_Initialize() Line 119	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) Line 1273	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_Initialize() Line 1300	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 32	C++

(Re-)initialise interp->_gil for _PyRuntime._main_interpreter during second Py_Initialize():

static void _gil_initialize(struct _gil_runtime_state *gil)
{
    _Py_atomic_int uninitialized = {-1};
    gil->locked = uninitialized;
    gil->interval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
}

>	python312_d.dll!_gil_initialize(_gil_runtime_state * gil) Line 225	C
 	python312_d.dll!_PyEval_InitState(_is * interp, void * pending_lock) Line 961	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_interpreter(_is * interp, pyruntimestate * runtime, __int64 id, _is * next, void * pending_lock) Line 684	C
 	python312_d.dll!PyInterpreterState_New() Line 777	C
 	python312_d.dll!pycore_create_interpreter(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 619	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_config(pyruntimestate * runtime, _ts * * tstate_p, const PyConfig * config) Line 887	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_core(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 1056	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig * config) Line 1251	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) Line 1289	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_Initialize() Line 1300	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 32	C++

Deferred call to _PyEval_FiniGIL() during second Py_Initialize() detects interp->ceval.gil = NULL for _PyRuntime._main_interpreter and skips call to destroy_gil():

void
_PyEval_FiniGIL(PyInterpreterState *interp)
{
    struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = interp->ceval.gil;
    if (gil == NULL) {
        /* It was already finalized (or hasn't been initialized yet). */
        assert(!interp->ceval.own_gil);
        return;
    }

>	python312_d.dll!_PyEval_FiniGIL(_is * interp) Line 561	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_interp_create_gil(_ts * tstate, int own_gil) Line 598	C
 	python312_d.dll!pycore_create_interpreter(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 652	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_config(pyruntimestate * runtime, _ts * * tstate_p, const PyConfig * config) Line 887	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_core(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 1056	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig * config) Line 1251	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) Line 1289	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_Initialize() Line 1300	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 32	C++

First initialisation of main interpreter GIL during second Py_Initialize() call, causing Application Verifier error:

static void create_gil(struct _gil_runtime_state *gil)
{
    MUTEX_INIT(gil->mutex);

 	vrfcore.dll!VerifierStopMessageEx()	Unknown
 	vfbasics.dll!AVrfpInitializeCriticalSectionCommon()	Unknown
>	python312_d.dll!create_gil(_gil_runtime_state * gil) Line 240	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_own_gil(_is * interp, _gil_runtime_state * gil) Line 524	C
 	python312_d.dll!_PyEval_InitGIL(_ts * tstate, int own_gil) Line 545	C
 	python312_d.dll!init_interp_create_gil(_ts * tstate, int own_gil) Line 604	C
 	python312_d.dll!pycore_create_interpreter(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 652	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_config(pyruntimestate * runtime, _ts * * tstate_p, const PyConfig * config) Line 887	C
 	python312_d.dll!pyinit_core(pyruntimestate * runtime, const PyConfig * src_config, _ts * * tstate_p) Line 1056	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig * config) Line 1251	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) Line 1289	C
 	python312_d.dll!Py_Initialize() Line 1300	C
 	ConsoleApplication.exe!main() Line 32	C++