diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
index e07ee3cbe2867..58292ae0ee4de 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst
@@ -105,7 +105,10 @@ Deprecations
 Removal of prior version deprecations/changes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 - :func:`read_excel`, :func:`read_json`, :func:`read_html`, and :func:`read_xml` no longer accept raw string or byte representation of the data. That type of data must be wrapped in a :py:class:`StringIO` or :py:class:`BytesIO` (:issue:`53767`)
+- All arguments except ``name`` in :meth:`Index.rename` are now keyword only (:issue:`56493`)
 - All arguments except the first ``path``-like argument in IO writers are now keyword only (:issue:`54229`)
+- All arguments in :meth:`Index.sort_values` are now keyword only (:issue:`56493`)
+- All arguments in :meth:`Series.to_dict` are now keyword only (:issue:`56493`)
 - Changed the default value of ``observed`` in :meth:`DataFrame.groupby` and :meth:`Series.groupby` to ``True`` (:issue:`51811`)
 - Enforced silent-downcasting deprecation for :ref:`all relevant methods <whatsnew_220.silent_downcasting>` (:issue:`54710`)
 - Removed ``DataFrame.applymap``, ``Styler.applymap`` and ``Styler.applymap_index`` (:issue:`52364`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/frame.py b/pandas/core/frame.py
index 76c5549fc8f86..06b38fff57198 100644
--- a/pandas/core/frame.py
+++ b/pandas/core/frame.py
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     Substitution,
-    deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments,
     doc,
 )
 from pandas.util._exceptions import (
@@ -3195,9 +3194,6 @@ def to_xml(
     ) -> None:
         ...
 
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
-        version="3.0", allowed_args=["self", "path_or_buffer"], name="to_xml"
-    )
     @doc(
         storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"],
         compression_options=_shared_docs["compression_options"] % "path_or_buffer",
@@ -3205,6 +3201,7 @@ def to_xml(
     def to_xml(
         self,
         path_or_buffer: FilePath | WriteBuffer[bytes] | WriteBuffer[str] | None = None,
+        *,
         index: bool = True,
         root_name: str | None = "data",
         row_name: str | None = "row",
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
index d9f545969d9f7..96f52cb5be3c0 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     cache_readonly,
-    deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments,
     doc,
 )
 from pandas.util._exceptions import (
@@ -1891,10 +1890,7 @@ def rename(self, name, *, inplace: Literal[False] = ...) -> Self:
     def rename(self, name, *, inplace: Literal[True]) -> None:
         ...
 
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
-        version="3.0", allowed_args=["self", "name"], name="rename"
-    )
-    def rename(self, name, inplace: bool = False) -> Self | None:
+    def rename(self, name, *, inplace: bool = False) -> Self | None:
         """
         Alter Index or MultiIndex name.
 
@@ -5503,11 +5499,9 @@ def sort_values(
     ) -> Self | tuple[Self, np.ndarray]:
         ...
 
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
-        version="3.0", allowed_args=["self"], name="sort_values"
-    )
     def sort_values(
         self,
+        *,
         return_indexer: bool = False,
         ascending: bool = True,
         na_position: NaPosition = "last",
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/range.py b/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
index 597832e51d122..a8e8ae140041a 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     cache_readonly,
-    deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments,
     doc,
 )
 
@@ -592,11 +591,9 @@ def sort_values(
     ) -> Self | tuple[Self, np.ndarray | RangeIndex]:
         ...
 
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
-        version="3.0", allowed_args=["self"], name="sort_values"
-    )
     def sort_values(
         self,
+        *,
         return_indexer: bool = False,
         ascending: bool = True,
         na_position: NaPosition = "last",
diff --git a/pandas/core/series.py b/pandas/core/series.py
index de76c05ef7943..1672c29f15763 100644
--- a/pandas/core/series.py
+++ b/pandas/core/series.py
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 from pandas.util._decorators import (
     Appender,
     Substitution,
-    deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments,
     doc,
 )
 from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
@@ -1736,11 +1735,9 @@ def to_dict(self, *, into: type[dict] = ...) -> dict:
 
     # error: Incompatible default for argument "into" (default has type "type[
     # dict[Any, Any]]", argument has type "type[MutableMappingT] | MutableMappingT")
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(
-        version="3.0", allowed_args=["self"], name="to_dict"
-    )
     def to_dict(
         self,
+        *,
         into: type[MutableMappingT] | MutableMappingT = dict,  # type: ignore[assignment]
     ) -> MutableMappingT:
         """