diff --git a/.devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c5d009260c64..0000000000000
--- a/.devcontainer.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// For format details, see https://aka.ms/vscode-remote/devcontainer.json or the definition README at
-// https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/master/containers/python-3-miniconda
-{
-	"name": "pandas",
-	"context": ".",
-	"dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
-
-	// Use 'settings' to set *default* container specific settings.json values on container create.
-	// You can edit these settings after create using File > Preferences > Settings > Remote.
-	"settings": {
-		"terminal.integrated.shell.linux": "/bin/bash",
-		"python.pythonPath": "/usr/local/bin/python",
-		"python.formatting.provider": "black",
-		"python.linting.enabled": true,
-		"python.linting.flake8Enabled": true,
-		"python.linting.pylintEnabled": false,
-		"python.linting.mypyEnabled": true,
-		"python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
-		"python.testing.pytestArgs": [
-			"pandas"
-		]
-	},
-
-	// Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created in the array below.
-	"extensions": [
-		"ms-python.python",
-		"ms-vscode.cpptools"
-	]
-}
diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f0a249cf396fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// For format details, see https://aka.ms/vscode-remote/devcontainer.json or the definition README at
+// https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/master/containers/python-3-miniconda
+{
+    "name": "pandas",
+    "containerUser": "pandas-dev",
+    "context": "..",
+    "dockerFile": "../Dockerfile",
+    "postCreateCommand": "./.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh",
+    // Use `customizations/vscode/settings` to set *default* container specific
+    // settings.json values on container create. You can edit these settings
+    // after create using File > Preferences > Settings > Remote.
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the
+            // container is created in the array below.
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-python.python",
+                "ms-python.black-formatter",
+                "ms-python.flake8",
+                "ms-python.mypy-type-checker",
+                "ms-python.pylint",
+                "ms-vscode.cpptools",
+                "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",
+                "GitHub.vscode-github-actions"
+            ],
+            "settings": {
+                // Editor configuration:
+                "editor.detectIndentation": false,
+                "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+                "editor.insertSpaces": true,
+                "editor.rulers": [
+                    88
+                ],
+                "editor.tabSize": 4,
+                "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
+                // Python tooling:
+                "black-formatter.importStrategy": "fromEnvironment",
+                "flake8.args": [
+                    "--max-line-length=88"
+                ],
+                "flake8.importStrategy": "fromEnvironment",
+                "mypy-type-checker.importStrategy": "fromEnvironment",
+                "mypy-type-checker.showNotifications": "always",
+                "pylint.args": [
+                    "--load-plugins=pylint.extensions.redefined_loop_name"
+                ],
+                "pylint.importStrategy": "fromEnvironment",
+                "[python]": {
+                    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter"
+                },
+                "python.analysis.typeCheckingMode": "basic",
+                "python.linting.mypyEnabled": true, // Deprecated, but seemingly required to get VSCode to display mypy diagnostics
+                "python.testing.pytestArgs": [
+                    "pandas"
+                ],
+                "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
+                // Environment and terminal configuration:
+                "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/home/pandas-dev/micromamba/envs/test/bin/python",
+                "python.terminal.activateEnvironment": false,
+                "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "bash"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh b/.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..8fc0ed07a8194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+~/micromamba-bin/micromamba \
+    create \
+    -y \
+    -r ~/micromamba \
+    -f environment.yml \
+    -n test \
+    --rc-file ci/condarc.yml
+
+mv ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc.orig
+~/micromamba-bin/micromamba shell init --shell bash --root-prefix=~/micromamba
+mv ~/.bashrc ~/.mamba-bashrc
+cp ~/.bashrc.orig ~/.bashrc
+echo micromamba activate test >> ~/.mamba-bashrc
+cat ~/.mamba-bashrc >> ~/.bashrc
+cat ~/.mamba-bashrc >> ~/.bash_profile
+source ~/.mamba-bashrc
+
+
+if [[ $(git tag | wc -c) -eq 0 ]]
+then
+    echo -e '\n\nERROR:'
+    echo Your repository has been cloned without tags.
+    echo To fix this, add the original pandas GitHub repository as an upstream
+    echo reference, e.g., via the following:
+    echo git remote add upstream https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas.git
+    echo Then, run
+    echo git fetch --tags upstream
+    echo to get the main repository\'s tags, and optionally run
+    echo git push --tags
+    echo to upload the tags to your GitHub fork.
+    echo
+    echo Finally, rebuild the devcontainer.
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+pip install black
+
+pip uninstall -y pandas
+pip install -e . --no-build-isolation -v
+
+pre-commit install
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 7230dcab20f6e..a32c09f4b1995 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -7,7 +7,21 @@ RUN apt-get install -y build-essential
 # hdf5 needed for pytables installation
 RUN apt-get install -y libhdf5-dev
 
-RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-RUN python -m pip install \
-    -r https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pandas-dev/pandas/main/requirements-dev.txt
+RUN apt-get install -y vim less
+
+ARG USERNAME=pandas-dev
+ARG USER_UID=1000
+ARG USER_GID=$USER_UID
+RUN groupadd --gid $USER_GID $USERNAME \
+    && useradd --uid $USER_UID --gid $USER_GID -m $USERNAME -s /bin/bash \
+    && apt-get install -y sudo \
+    && echo $USERNAME ALL=\(root\) NOPASSWD:ALL > /etc/sudoers.d/$USERNAME \
+    && chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/$USERNAME
+
+RUN apt-get install -y curl bzip2 && sudo -u $USERNAME bash -c \
+    "mkdir ~/bin && \
+    curl -Ls https://micro.mamba.pm/api/micromamba/linux-64/latest | \
+    tar -C ~ -xj bin/micromamba \
+    && mv ~/bin ~/micromamba-bin"
+
 CMD ["/bin/bash"]
diff --git a/doc/source/development/contributing_environment.rst b/doc/source/development/contributing_environment.rst
index 0cc1fe2629e46..9b09810397d3d 100644
--- a/doc/source/development/contributing_environment.rst
+++ b/doc/source/development/contributing_environment.rst
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Run Container::
 **Visual Studio Code**
 
 You can use the DockerFile to launch a remote session with Visual Studio Code,
-a popular free IDE, using the ``.devcontainer.json`` file.
+a popular free IDE, using the ``.devcontainer`` directory.
 See https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers for details.
 
 **PyCharm (Professional)**