diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/string_.py b/pandas/core/arrays/string_.py
index 3b297e7c2b13b..e75305e55348c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/string_.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/string_.py
@@ -282,10 +282,6 @@ def __setitem__(self, key, value):
 
         super().__setitem__(key, value)
 
-    def fillna(self, value=None, method=None, limit=None):
-        # TODO: validate dtype
-        return super().fillna(value, method, limit)
-
     def astype(self, dtype, copy=True):
         dtype = pandas_dtype(dtype)
         if isinstance(dtype, StringDtype):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string.py b/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string.py
index 07e9484994c26..9a1634380aaba 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string.py
@@ -422,6 +422,24 @@ def test_reduce_missing(skipna, dtype):
         assert pd.isna(result)
 
 
+def test_fillna_args():
+    # GH 37987
+
+    arr = pd.array(["a", pd.NA], dtype="string")
+
+    res = arr.fillna(value="b")
+    expected = pd.array(["a", "b"], dtype="string")
+    tm.assert_extension_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    res = arr.fillna(value=np.str_("b"))
+    expected = pd.array(["a", "b"], dtype="string")
+    tm.assert_extension_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    msg = "Cannot set non-string value '1' into a StringArray."
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        arr.fillna(value=1)
+
+
 @td.skip_if_no("pyarrow", min_version="0.15.0")
 def test_arrow_array(dtype):
     # protocol added in 0.15.0