Fix AssetServer::get_asset_loader deadlock (bevyengine#2395)

# Objective

Fixes a possible deadlock between `AssetServer::get_asset_loader` / `AssetServer::add_loader`

A thread could take the `extension_to_loader_index` read lock,
and then have the `server.loader` write lock taken in add_loader
before it can. Then add_loader can't take the extension_to_loader_index
lock, and the program deadlocks.

To be more precise:

## Step 1: Thread 1 grabs the `extension_to_loader_index` lock on lines 138..139:

https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/blob/3a1867a92edc571b8f842bb1a96112dcbdceae4b/crates/bevy_asset/src/asset_server.rs#L133-L145

## Step 2: Thread 2 grabs the `server.loader` write lock on line 107:

https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/blob/3a1867a92edc571b8f842bb1a96112dcbdceae4b/crates/bevy_asset/src/asset_server.rs#L103-L116

## Step 3: Deadlock, since Thread 1 wants to grab `server.loader` on line 141...:

https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/blob/3a1867a92edc571b8f842bb1a96112dcbdceae4b/crates/bevy_asset/src/asset_server.rs#L133-L145

... and Thread 2 wants to grab 'extension_to_loader_index` on lines 111..112:

https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/blob/3a1867a92edc571b8f842bb1a96112dcbdceae4b/crates/bevy_asset/src/asset_server.rs#L103-L116


## Solution

Fixed by descoping the extension_to_loader_index lock, since
`get_asset_loader` doesn't need to hold the read lock on the extensions map for the duration,
just to get a copyable usize. The block might not be needed,
I think I could have gotten away with just inserting a `copied()`
call into the chain, but I wanted to make the reasoning clear for
future maintainers.

Author: vgel

crates/bevy_asset/src/asset_server.rs

@@ -134,11 +134,13 @@ impl AssetServer {
         &self,
         extension: &str,
     ) -> Result<Arc<Box<dyn AssetLoader>>, AssetServerError> {
-        self.server
-            .extension_to_loader_index
-            .read()
-            .get(extension)
-            .map(|index| self.server.loaders.read()[*index].clone())
+        let index = {
+            // scope map to drop lock as soon as possible
+            let map = self.server.extension_to_loader_index.read();
+            map.get(extension).copied()
+        };
+        index
+            .map(|index| self.server.loaders.read()[index].clone())
             .ok_or_else(|| AssetServerError::MissingAssetLoader {
                 extensions: vec![extension.to_string()],
             })