diff --git a/pymongo/__init__.py b/pymongo/__init__.py
index 9e877e9551..801d466c2e 100644
--- a/pymongo/__init__.py
+++ b/pymongo/__init__.py
@@ -127,8 +127,9 @@ def timeout(seconds: Optional[float]) -> ContextManager:
               NetworkTimeout) as exc:
           print(f"block timed out: {exc!r}")
 
-    When nesting :func:`~pymongo.timeout`, the nested block overrides the
-    timeout. When exiting the block, the previous deadline is restored::
+    When nesting :func:`~pymongo.timeout`, the newly computed deadline is capped to at most
+    the existing deadline. The deadline can only be shortened, not extended.
+    When exiting the block, the previous deadline is restored::
 
       with pymongo.timeout(5):
           coll.find_one()  # Uses the 5 second deadline.
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ def timeout(seconds: Optional[float]) -> ContextManager:
               coll.find_one() # Uses the 3 second deadline.
           coll.find_one()  # Uses the original 5 second deadline.
           with pymongo.timeout(10):
-              coll.find_one()  # Uses the 10 second deadline.
+              coll.find_one()  # Still uses the original 5 second deadline.
           coll.find_one()  # Uses the original 5 second deadline.
 
     :Parameters:
diff --git a/pymongo/_csot.py b/pymongo/_csot.py
index f1601f75d2..ddd4e9233f 100644
--- a/pymongo/_csot.py
+++ b/pymongo/_csot.py
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ def __init__(self, timeout: Optional[float]):
 
     def __enter__(self):
         timeout_token = TIMEOUT.set(self._timeout)
-        deadline_token = DEADLINE.set(
-            time.monotonic() + self._timeout if self._timeout else float("inf")
-        )
+        prev_deadline = DEADLINE.get()
+        next_deadline = time.monotonic() + self._timeout if self._timeout else float("inf")
+        deadline_token = DEADLINE.set(min(prev_deadline, next_deadline))
         rtt_token = RTT.set(0.0)
         self._tokens = (timeout_token, deadline_token, rtt_token)
         return self
diff --git a/test/test_csot.py b/test/test_csot.py
index d00f8c2916..290851159d 100644
--- a/test/test_csot.py
+++ b/test/test_csot.py
@@ -43,10 +43,11 @@ def test_timeout_nested(self):
             self.assertEqual(_csot.get_timeout(), 10)
             deadline_10 = _csot.get_deadline()
 
+            # Capped at the original 10 deadline.
             with pymongo.timeout(15):
                 coll.find_one()
                 self.assertEqual(_csot.get_timeout(), 15)
-                self.assertGreater(_csot.get_deadline(), deadline_10)
+                self.assertEqual(_csot.get_deadline(), deadline_10)
 
             # Should be reset to previous values
             self.assertEqual(_csot.get_timeout(), 10)