diff --git a/.evergreen/config/build-variants.yml b/.evergreen/config/build-variants.yml
index d99c2e19f..02a2c9567 100644
--- a/.evergreen/config/build-variants.yml
+++ b/.evergreen/config/build-variants.yml
@@ -60,12 +60,6 @@ buildvariants:
     run_on: rhel80-small
     tasks:
       - name: "build-all-php"
-  - name: build-rhel76
-    display_name: "Build: RHEL 7.6"
-    tags: ["build", "rhel", "x64", "pr", "tag"]
-    run_on: rhel76-small
-    tasks:
-      - name: "build-all-php"
 
   # Ubuntu LTS
   - name: build-ubuntu2204
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 580870903..b7dcb85e4 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $ php --ri mongodb
 ## Generating arginfo from stub files
 
 Arginfo structures are generated from stub files using the `gen_stub.php`
-file. Note that this requires `phpize` to be run for PHP 8.2 to make use
+file. Note that this requires `phpize` to be run for **PHP 8.2** to make use
 of all features. After changing a stub file, run `./build/gen_stub.php`
 to regenerate the corresponding arginfo files and commit the results.
 
@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ when using this extension. To generate the function map, run the
 
 ## Testing
 
+The driver includes a test suite that can be run with `make test`. To run a single
+test file, define the `TESTS` variable with the file path:
+
+```
+make test TESTS=tests/<path-to-test-file>.phpt
+```
+
+### File format
+
 The extension's test use the PHPT format from PHP internals. This format is
 documented in the following links:
 
diff --git a/src/MongoDB/Query.c b/src/MongoDB/Query.c
index b694ae24e..941f9504b 100644
--- a/src/MongoDB/Query.c
+++ b/src/MongoDB/Query.c
@@ -337,6 +337,8 @@ bool phongo_query_init(zval* return_value, zval* filter, zval* options)
 			phongo_throw_exception(PHONGO_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Expected \"modifiers\" option to be array, %s given", PHONGO_ZVAL_CLASS_OR_TYPE_NAME_P(modifiers));
 			return false;
 		}
+
+		php_error_docref(NULL, E_DEPRECATED, "The \"modifiers\" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release");
 	}
 
 	PHONGO_QUERY_OPT_BOOL("allowDiskUse", options, "allowDiskUse")
diff --git a/src/contrib/php_array_api.h b/src/contrib/php_array_api.h
index 76358dbb9..17dc74810 100644
--- a/src/contrib/php_array_api.h
+++ b/src/contrib/php_array_api.h
@@ -420,7 +420,9 @@ char *php_array_zval_to_string(zval *z, int *plen, zend_bool *pfree) {
  * zval *php_array_fetchz_array(zval *zarr, zval *key)
  */
 static inline zval *php_array_zval_to_array(zval *zarr) {
-	return (zarr && (Z_TYPE_P(zarr) == IS_ARRAY)) ? zarr : NULL;
+	if (!zarr) { return NULL; }
+	ZVAL_DEREF(zarr);
+	return Z_TYPE_P(zarr) == IS_ARRAY ? zarr : NULL;
 }
 PHP_ARRAY_FETCH_TYPE_MAP(zval*, array)
 #define php_array_fetchc_array(zarr, litstr) \
@@ -493,8 +495,10 @@ void *php_array_zval_to_resource(zval *z, int le) {
  */
 static inline
 zval *php_array_zval_to_object(zval *z, zend_class_entry *ce) {
-	return (z && (Z_TYPE_P(z) == IS_OBJECT) &&
-	        ((!ce) || instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(z), ce))) ? z : NULL;
+	if (!z) { return NULL; }
+	ZVAL_DEREF(z);
+	if (Z_TYPE_P(z) != IS_OBJECT) { return NULL; }
+	return (!ce) || instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(z), ce) ? z : NULL;
 }
 #define php_array_fetch_object(zarr, key, ce) \
 	php_array_zval_to_object(php_array_fetch(zarr, key), ce)
diff --git a/tests/bson/bug2456-001.phpt b/tests/bson/bug2456-001.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53726a28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bson/bug2456-001.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--TEST--
+PHPC-2456: References passed in a typeMap
+--FILE--
+<?php
+require_once __DIR__ . "/../utils/basic.inc";
+
+$fieldPaths = [];
+
+$typeMap = ['fieldPaths' => &$fieldPaths];
+
+var_dump(MongoDB\BSON\Document::fromPHP([])->toPHP($typeMap));
+var_dump(MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray::fromPHP([])->toPHP($typeMap));
+
+?>
+===DONE===
+<?php exit(0); ?>
+--EXPECTF--
+object(stdClass)#%d (0) {
+}
+array(0) {
+}
+===DONE===
diff --git a/tests/query/query-ctor-003.phpt b/tests/query/query-ctor-003.phpt
index 947e0f18d..e68baeeed 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-ctor-003.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-ctor-003.phpt
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ var_dump(new MongoDB\Driver\Query(
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
 --EXPECTF--
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
+
 Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "$maxScan" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 
 Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "$snapshot" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
@@ -95,6 +99,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
@@ -109,6 +115,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
diff --git a/tests/query/query-ctor-004.phpt b/tests/query/query-ctor-004.phpt
index ea111175f..42b148d3d 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-ctor-004.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-ctor-004.phpt
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ var_dump(new MongoDB\Driver\Query(
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
 --EXPECTF--
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
+
 Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "maxScan" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 
 Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "snapshot" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
@@ -105,6 +109,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
diff --git a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-002.phpt b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-002.phpt
index 790fc1abd..830cd20bc 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-002.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-002.phpt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ foreach ($tests as $options) {
 ?>
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
---EXPECT--
+--EXPECTF--
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "modifiers" option to be array, int given
 
@@ -50,15 +50,23 @@ Expected "projection" option to be array or object, int given
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "sort" option to be array or object, int given
 
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "$hint" modifier to be string, array, or object, int given
 
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "$max" modifier to be array or object, int given
 
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "$min" modifier to be array or object, int given
 
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Expected "$orderby" modifier to be array or object, int given
 
diff --git a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-004.phpt b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-004.phpt
index 9c2936c3d..2b74f8181 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-004.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-004.phpt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ foreach ($tests as $test) {
 ?>
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
---EXPECT--
+--EXPECTF--
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in filter document
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
@@ -48,12 +48,20 @@ OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "projection" option
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "sort" option
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "$hint" modifier
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "$max" modifier
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "$min" modifier
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException
 Cannot use empty keys in "$orderby" modifier
 ===DONE===
diff --git a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-007.phpt b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-007.phpt
index 4766d6364..d6111bcae 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-ctor_error-007.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-ctor_error-007.phpt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ foreach ($tests as $options) {
 ?>
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
---EXPECT--
+--EXPECTF--
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
@@ -45,10 +45,16 @@ OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 OK: Got MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException
 MongoDB\BSON\PackedArray cannot be serialized as a root document
 ===DONE===
diff --git a/tests/query/query-debug-001.phpt b/tests/query/query-debug-001.phpt
index a043b540f..ff6f566b5 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-debug-001.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-debug-001.phpt
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ var_dump(new MongoDB\Driver\Query(
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
 --EXPECTF--
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (%d) {
diff --git a/tests/query/query-debug-003.phpt b/tests/query/query-debug-003.phpt
index dee480a8a..c8ed9f16b 100644
--- a/tests/query/query-debug-003.phpt
+++ b/tests/query/query-debug-003.phpt
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["readConcern"]=>
   NULL
 }
+
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 object(MongoDB\Driver\Query)#%d (%d) {
   ["filter"]=>
   object(stdClass)#%d (0) {
diff --git a/tests/server/server-executeQuery-003.phpt b/tests/server/server-executeQuery-003.phpt
index 942aa7cfd..5f09daab5 100644
--- a/tests/server/server-executeQuery-003.phpt
+++ b/tests/server/server-executeQuery-003.phpt
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ var_dump(iterator_to_array($cursor));
 ===DONE===
 <?php exit(0); ?>
 --EXPECTF--
+Deprecated: MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct(): The "modifiers" option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release in %s on line %d
 bool(true)
 bool(true)
 array(3) {
diff --git a/tests/standalone/executiontimeoutexception-001.phpt b/tests/standalone/executiontimeoutexception-001.phpt
index 8c35546dd..44d41dbd8 100644
--- a/tests/standalone/executiontimeoutexception-001.phpt
+++ b/tests/standalone/executiontimeoutexception-001.phpt
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ $server = $manager->selectServer(new \MongoDB\Driver\ReadPreference('primary'));
 $query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query(array("company" => "Smith, Carter and Buckridge"), array(
     'projection' => array('_id' => 0, 'username' => 1),
     'sort' => array('phoneNumber' => 1),
-    'modifiers' => array(
-        '$maxTimeMS' => 1,
-    ),
+    'maxTimeMS' => 1,
 ));
 
 failMaxTimeMS($server);