diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 8af1cc2e36d0a..799da26a1c049 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -14888,8 +14888,9 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         return getReturnTypeOfTypeTag(declaration);
     }
 
-    function isResolvingReturnTypeOfSignature(signature: Signature) {
-        return !signature.resolvedReturnType && findResolutionCycleStartIndex(signature, TypeSystemPropertyName.ResolvedReturnType) >= 0;
+    function isResolvingReturnTypeOfSignature(signature: Signature): boolean {
+        return signature.compositeSignatures && some(signature.compositeSignatures, isResolvingReturnTypeOfSignature) ||
+            !signature.resolvedReturnType && findResolutionCycleStartIndex(signature, TypeSystemPropertyName.ResolvedReturnType) >= 0;
     }
 
     function getRestTypeOfSignature(signature: Signature): Type {
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..60c30fd6ee908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/compositeContextualSignature.ts] ////
+
+=== compositeContextualSignature.ts ===
+// Repro from #55145
+
+function f<T extends any[]>(v: ReadonlyArray<T>) { }
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(compositeContextualSignature.ts, 0, 0))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(compositeContextualSignature.ts, 2, 11))
+>v : Symbol(v, Decl(compositeContextualSignature.ts, 2, 28))
+>ReadonlyArray : Symbol(ReadonlyArray, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(compositeContextualSignature.ts, 2, 11))
+
+f([
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(compositeContextualSignature.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    [
+        undefined,
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+        () => { },
+    ],
+    [
+        1,
+        () => {
+            console.log('Hello')
+>console.log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>console : Symbol(console, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+
+        },
+    ],
+]);
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.types b/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2e389e2b360e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/compositeContextualSignature.types
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/compositeContextualSignature.ts] ////
+
+=== compositeContextualSignature.ts ===
+// Repro from #55145
+
+function f<T extends any[]>(v: ReadonlyArray<T>) { }
+>f : <T extends any[]>(v: ReadonlyArray<T>) => void
+>v : readonly T[]
+
+f([
+>f([    [        undefined,        () => { },    ],    [        1,        () => {            console.log('Hello')        },    ],]) : void
+>f : <T extends any[]>(v: readonly T[]) => void
+>[    [        undefined,        () => { },    ],    [        1,        () => {            console.log('Hello')        },    ],] : (((() => void) | undefined)[] | (number | (() => void))[])[]
+
+    [
+>[        undefined,        () => { },    ] : ((() => void) | undefined)[]
+
+        undefined,
+>undefined : undefined
+
+        () => { },
+>() => { } : () => void
+
+    ],
+    [
+>[        1,        () => {            console.log('Hello')        },    ] : (number | (() => void))[]
+
+        1,
+>1 : 1
+
+        () => {
+>() => {            console.log('Hello')        } : () => void
+
+            console.log('Hello')
+>console.log('Hello') : void
+>console.log : (...data: any[]) => void
+>console : Console
+>log : (...data: any[]) => void
+>'Hello' : "Hello"
+
+        },
+    ],
+]);
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/compositeContextualSignature.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/compositeContextualSignature.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4f77c3c64265f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/compositeContextualSignature.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// @strict: true
+// @noEmit: true
+
+// Repro from #55145
+
+function f<T extends any[]>(v: ReadonlyArray<T>) { }
+
+f([
+    [
+        undefined,
+        () => { },
+    ],
+    [
+        1,
+        () => {
+            console.log('Hello')
+        },
+    ],
+]);