diff --git a/libcxx/docs/TestingLibcxx.rst b/libcxx/docs/TestingLibcxx.rst
index e7645cb5885f1..50ee9d4ee400b 100644
--- a/libcxx/docs/TestingLibcxx.rst
+++ b/libcxx/docs/TestingLibcxx.rst
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ Custom Directives
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Lit has many directives built in (e.g., ``DEFINE``, ``UNSUPPORTED``). In addition to those directives, libc++ adds two additional libc++-specific directives that makes
-writing tests easier. See `libc++-specific Lit Directives`_ for more information about the ``FILE_DEPENDENCIES`` and ``ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS`` libc++-specific directives.
+writing tests easier. See `libc++-specific Lit Directives`_ for more information about the ``FILE_DEPENDENCIES``, ``ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS``, and ``MODULE_DEPENDENCIES`` libc++-specific directives.
 
 .. _libc++-specific Lit Directives:
 .. list-table:: libc++-specific Lit Directives
@@ -417,6 +417,13 @@ writing tests easier. See `libc++-specific Lit Directives`_ for more information
      - The additional compiler flags specified by a space-separated list to the ``ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS`` libc++-specific Lit directive will be added to the end of the ``%{compile_flags}``
        substitution for the test that contains it. This libc++-specific Lit directive makes it possible to add special compilation flags without having to resort to writing a ``.sh.cpp`` test (see
        `Lit Meaning of libc++ Test Filenames`_), more powerful but perhaps overkill.
+   * - ``MODULE_DEPENDENCIES``
+     - ``// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std std.compat``
+     - This directive will build the required C++23 standard library
+       modules and add the additional compiler flags in
+       %{compile_flags}. (Libc++ offers these modules in C++20 as an
+       extension.)
+
 
 Benchmarks
 ==========
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std.gen.py b/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std.gen.py
index 8e03d6e5b5b52..a9a05a0cd74e6 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std.gen.py
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std.gen.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     "%{test-tools}/clang_tidy_checks/libcxx-tidy.plugin",
     "%{cxx}",
     "%{flags} %{compile_flags}",
+    "std",
 )
 
 
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std_compat.gen.py b/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std_compat.gen.py
index c4792db3d71e6..2866066ccedc8 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std_compat.gen.py
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/module_std_compat.gen.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     "%{test-tools}/clang_tidy_checks/libcxx-tidy.plugin",
     "%{cxx}",
     "%{flags} %{compile_flags}",
+    "std.compat",
 )
 
 
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/no-modules.sh.cpp b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/no-modules.sh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..74e65a9072f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/no-modules.sh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// Make sure that the compile flags contain no module information.
+
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES:
+
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -v "std.pcm"
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -v "std.compat.pcm"
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-and-std.compat-module.sh.cpp b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-and-std.compat-module.sh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d56ebb2961d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-and-std.compat-module.sh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
+// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
+// UNSUPPORTED: gcc
+
+// XFAIL: has-no-cxx-module-support
+
+// Make sure that the compile flags contain the expected elements.
+// The tests only look for the expected components and not the exact flags.
+// Otherwise changing the location of the module would break this test.
+
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std std.compat
+
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -- "-fmodule-file=std=.*/std.pcm .*/std.pcm"
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -- "-fmodule-file=std.compat=.*/std.compat.pcm .*/std.compat.pcm"
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-module.sh.cpp b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-module.sh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ec43994fa1ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std-module.sh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
+// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
+// UNSUPPORTED: gcc
+
+// XFAIL: has-no-cxx-module-support
+
+// Make sure that the compile flags contain the expected elements.
+// The tests only look for the expected components and not the exact flags.
+// Otherwise changing the location of the module would break this test.
+
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std
+
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -- "-fmodule-file=std=.*/std.pcm .*/std.pcm"
+
+// The std module should not provide the std.compat module
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -v "std.compat.pcm"
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std.compat-module.sh.cpp b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std.compat-module.sh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e84709853fbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/selftest/modules/std.compat-module.sh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
+// UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
+// UNSUPPORTED: gcc
+
+// XFAIL: has-no-cxx-module-support
+
+// Make sure that the compile flags contain the expected elements.
+// The tests only look for the expected components and not the exact flags.
+// Otherwise changing the location of the module would break this test.
+
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std.compat
+
+// RUN: echo "%{compile_flags}" | grep -- "-fmodule-file=std.compat=.*/std.compat.pcm .*/std.compat.pcm"
+
+// It's unspecified whether std.compat is built on the std module.
+// Therefore don't test its presence
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.compat.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.compat.pass.cpp
index ba75f8e401002..e840f3c6b629c 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.compat.pass.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.compat.pass.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@
 
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
+// UNSUPPORTED: gcc
 
-// XFAIL: *
+// XFAIL: has-no-cxx-module-support
 
 // A minimal test to validate import works.
 
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std.compat
+
 import std.compat;
 
 int main(int, char**) { return !(::strlen("Hello modular world") == 19); }
diff --git a/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.pass.cpp
index a018e42a26589..ca05825b3a186 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.pass.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/std/modules/std.pass.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@
 
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
+// UNSUPPORTED: gcc
 
-// XFAIL: *
+// XFAIL: has-no-cxx-module-support
 
 // A minimal test to validate import works.
 
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: std
+
 import std;
 
 int main(int, char**) {
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/config.py b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/config.py
index 63cfa1b677819..9a71c494030d7 100644
--- a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/config.py
+++ b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/config.py
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ def _getSubstitution(substitution, config):
     raise ValueError("Substitution {} is not in the config.".format(substitution))
 
 
+def _appendToSubstitution(substitutions, key, value):
+    return [(k, v + " " + value) if k == key else (k, v) for (k, v) in substitutions]
+
+
 def configure(parameters, features, config, lit_config):
     note = lambda s: lit_config.note("({}) {}".format(config.name, s))
     config.environment = dict(os.environ)
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/features.py b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/features.py
index 1570a6b516739..83b4cebf75411 100644
--- a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/features.py
+++ b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/features.py
@@ -317,6 +317,18 @@ def _getAndroidDeviceApi(cfg):
             AddSubstitution("%{clang-tidy}", lambda cfg: _getSuitableClangTidy(cfg))
         ],
     ),
+    # Whether module support for the platform is available.
+    Feature(
+        name="has-no-cxx-module-support",
+        # The libc of these platforms have functions with internal linkage.
+        # This is not allowed per C11 7.1.2 Standard headers/6
+        #  Any declaration of a library function shall have external linkage.
+        when=lambda cfg: "__ANDROID__" in compilerMacros(cfg)
+        or "__PICOLIBC__" in compilerMacros(cfg)
+        or platform.system().lower().startswith("aix")
+        # Avoid building on platforms that don't support modules properly.
+        or not hasCompileFlag(cfg, "-Wno-reserved-module-identifier"),
+    ),
 ]
 
 # Deduce and add the test features that that are implied by the #defines in
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/format.py b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/format.py
index 5d84711bf5d28..c605e8796ac54 100644
--- a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/format.py
+++ b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/format.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 # ===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
 
 import lit
+import libcxx.test.config as config
 import lit.formats
 import os
 import re
@@ -52,6 +53,14 @@ def _executeScriptInternal(test, litConfig, commands):
     return (out, err, exitCode, timeoutInfo, parsedCommands)
 
 
+def _validateModuleDependencies(modules):
+    for m in modules:
+        if m not in ("std", "std.compat"):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Invalid module dependency '{m}', only 'std' and 'std.compat' are valid"
+            )
+
+
 def parseScript(test, preamble):
     """
     Extract the script from a test, with substitutions applied.
@@ -91,6 +100,8 @@ def parseScript(test, preamble):
     # Parse the test file, including custom directives
     additionalCompileFlags = []
     fileDependencies = []
+    modules = []  # The enabled modules
+    moduleCompileFlags = []  # The compilation flags to use modules
     parsers = [
         lit.TestRunner.IntegratedTestKeywordParser(
             "FILE_DEPENDENCIES:",
@@ -102,6 +113,11 @@ def parseScript(test, preamble):
             lit.TestRunner.ParserKind.SPACE_LIST,
             initial_value=additionalCompileFlags,
         ),
+        lit.TestRunner.IntegratedTestKeywordParser(
+            "MODULE_DEPENDENCIES:",
+            lit.TestRunner.ParserKind.SPACE_LIST,
+            initial_value=modules,
+        ),
     ]
 
     # Add conditional parsers for ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS. This should be replaced by first
@@ -132,12 +148,53 @@ def parseScript(test, preamble):
     script += scriptInTest
 
     # Add compile flags specified with ADDITIONAL_COMPILE_FLAGS.
-    substitutions = [
-        (s, x + " " + " ".join(additionalCompileFlags))
-        if s == "%{compile_flags}"
-        else (s, x)
-        for (s, x) in substitutions
-    ]
+    # Modules need to be built with the same compilation flags as the
+    # test. So add these flags before adding the modules.
+    substitutions = config._appendToSubstitution(
+        substitutions, "%{compile_flags}", " ".join(additionalCompileFlags)
+    )
+
+    if modules:
+        _validateModuleDependencies(modules)
+
+        # The moduleCompileFlags are added to the %{compile_flags}, but
+        # the modules need to be built without these flags. So expand the
+        # %{compile_flags} eagerly and hardcode them in the build script.
+        compileFlags = config._getSubstitution("%{compile_flags}", test.config)
+
+        # Building the modules needs to happen before the other script
+        # commands are executed. Therefore the commands are added to the
+        # front of the list.
+        if "std.compat" in modules:
+            script.insert(
+                0,
+                "%dbg(MODULE std.compat) %{cxx} %{flags} "
+                f"{compileFlags} "
+                "-Wno-reserved-module-identifier -Wno-reserved-user-defined-literal "
+                "--precompile -o %T/std.compat.pcm -c %{module}/std.compat.cppm",
+            )
+            moduleCompileFlags.extend(
+                ["-fmodule-file=std.compat=%T/std.compat.pcm", "%T/std.compat.pcm"]
+            )
+
+        # Make sure the std module is built before std.compat. Libc++'s
+        # std.compat module depends on the std module. It is not
+        # known whether the compiler expects the modules in the order of
+        # their dependencies. However it's trivial to provide them in
+        # that order.
+        script.insert(
+            0,
+            "%dbg(MODULE std) %{cxx} %{flags} "
+            f"{compileFlags} "
+            "-Wno-reserved-module-identifier -Wno-reserved-user-defined-literal "
+            "--precompile -o %T/std.pcm -c %{module}/std.cppm",
+        )
+        moduleCompileFlags.extend(["-fmodule-file=std=%T/std.pcm", "%T/std.pcm"])
+
+        # Add compile flags required for the modules.
+        substitutions = config._appendToSubstitution(
+            substitutions, "%{compile_flags}", " ".join(moduleCompileFlags)
+        )
 
     # Perform substitutions in the script itself.
     script = lit.TestRunner.applySubstitutions(
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/modules.py b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/modules.py
index 9362d52cb72d2..3e9fcae4c5389 100644
--- a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/modules.py
+++ b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/modules.py
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ class module_test_generator:
     clang_tidy_plugin: str
     compiler: str
     compiler_flags: str
+    module: str
 
     def write_lit_configuration(self):
         print(
@@ -120,13 +121,13 @@ def write_lit_configuration(self):
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17
 // UNSUPPORTED: clang-modules-build
 
-// XFAIL: *
-
 // REQUIRES: has-clang-tidy
 
 // The GCC compiler flags are not always compatible with clang-tidy.
 // UNSUPPORTED: gcc
 
+// MODULE_DEPENDENCIES: {self.module}
+
 // RUN: echo -n > {self.tmp_prefix}.all_partitions
 """
         )