[Clang] Fix Handling of Init Capture with Parameter Packs in LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII (#100766)

This PR addresses issues related to the handling of `init capture` with
parameter packs in Clang's
`LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII`.

Previously, `addInstantiatedCapturesToScope` would add `init capture`
containing packs to the scope using the type of the `init capture` to
determine the expanded pack size. However, this approach resulted in a
pack size of 0 because `getType()->containsUnexpandedParameterPack()`
returns `false`. After extensive testing, it appears that the correct
pack size can only be inferred from `getInit`.

But `getInit` may reference parameters and `init capture` from an outer
lambda, as shown in the following example:

```cpp
auto L = [](auto... z) {
    return [... w = z](auto... y) {
        // ...
    };
};
```

To address this, `addInstantiatedCapturesToScope` in
`LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII` should be called last.
Additionally, `addInstantiatedCapturesToScope` has been modified to only
add `init capture` to the scope. The previous implementation incorrectly
called `MakeInstantiatedLocalArgPack` for other non-init captures
containing packs, resulting in a pack size of 0.

### Impact

This patch affects scenarios where
`LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII` is passed with
`ShouldAddDeclsFromParentScope = false`, preventing the correct addition
of the current lambda's `init capture` to the scope. There are two main
scenarios for `ShouldAddDeclsFromParentScope = false`:

1. **Constraints**: Sometimes constraints are instantiated in place
rather than delayed. In this case,
`LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII` does not need to add `init
capture` to the scope.
2. **`noexcept` Expressions**: The expressions inside `noexcept` have
already been transformed, and the packs referenced within have been
expanded. Only `RebuildLambdaInfo` needs to add the expanded captures to
the scope, without requiring `addInstantiatedCapturesToScope` from
`LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII`.

### Considerations

An alternative approach could involve adding a data structure within the
lambda to record the expanded size of the `init capture` pack. However,
this would increase the lambda's size and require extensive
modifications.

This PR is a prerequisite for implmenting
#61426

Author: LYP951018

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ Bug Fixes to C++ Support
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 - Fixed a crash when an expression with a dependent ``__typeof__`` type is used as the operand of a unary operator. (#GH97646)
+- Fixed incorrect pack expansion of init-capture references in requires expresssions.
 - Fixed a failed assertion when checking invalid delete operator declaration. (#GH96191)
 - Fix a crash when checking destructor reference with an invalid initializer. (#GH97230)
 - Clang now correctly parses potentially declarative nested-name-specifiers in pointer-to-member declarators.

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

@@ -14186,6 +14186,10 @@ class Sema final : public SemaBase {
   std::optional<unsigned> getNumArgumentsInExpansion(
       QualType T, const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs);
 
+  std::optional<unsigned> getNumArgumentsInExpansionFromUnexpanded(
+      llvm::ArrayRef<UnexpandedParameterPack> Unexpanded,
+      const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs);
+
   /// Determine whether the given declarator contains any unexpanded
   /// parameter packs.
   ///

clang/lib/Sema/SemaConcept.cpp

@@ -716,22 +716,30 @@ bool Sema::addInstantiatedCapturesToScope(
   auto AddSingleCapture = [&](const ValueDecl *CapturedPattern,
                               unsigned Index) {
     ValueDecl *CapturedVar = LambdaClass->getCapture(Index)->getCapturedVar();
-    if (CapturedVar->isInitCapture())
-      Scope.InstantiatedLocal(CapturedPattern, CapturedVar);
+    assert(CapturedVar->isInitCapture());
+    Scope.InstantiatedLocal(CapturedPattern, CapturedVar);
   };
 
   for (const LambdaCapture &CapturePattern : LambdaPattern->captures()) {
     if (!CapturePattern.capturesVariable()) {
       Instantiated++;
       continue;
     }
-    const ValueDecl *CapturedPattern = CapturePattern.getCapturedVar();
+    ValueDecl *CapturedPattern = CapturePattern.getCapturedVar();
+
+    if (!CapturedPattern->isInitCapture()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (!CapturedPattern->isParameterPack()) {
       AddSingleCapture(CapturedPattern, Instantiated++);
     } else {
       Scope.MakeInstantiatedLocalArgPack(CapturedPattern);
-      std::optional<unsigned> NumArgumentsInExpansion =
-          getNumArgumentsInExpansion(CapturedPattern->getType(), TemplateArgs);
+      SmallVector<UnexpandedParameterPack, 2> Unexpanded;
+      SemaRef.collectUnexpandedParameterPacks(
+          dyn_cast<VarDecl>(CapturedPattern)->getInit(), Unexpanded);
+      auto NumArgumentsInExpansion =
+          getNumArgumentsInExpansionFromUnexpanded(Unexpanded, TemplateArgs);
       if (!NumArgumentsInExpansion)
         continue;
       for (unsigned Arg = 0; Arg < *NumArgumentsInExpansion; ++Arg)

clang/lib/Sema/SemaLambda.cpp

@@ -2393,11 +2393,10 @@ Sema::LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII::
   if (!FDPattern)
     return;
 
-  SemaRef.addInstantiatedCapturesToScope(FD, FDPattern, Scope, MLTAL);
-
   if (!ShouldAddDeclsFromParentScope)
     return;
 
+  FunctionDecl *InnermostFD = FD, *InnermostFDPattern = FDPattern;
   llvm::SmallVector<std::pair<FunctionDecl *, FunctionDecl *>, 4>
       ParentInstantiations;
   while (true) {
@@ -2421,5 +2420,11 @@ Sema::LambdaScopeForCallOperatorInstantiationRAII::
   for (const auto &[FDPattern, FD] : llvm::reverse(ParentInstantiations)) {
     SemaRef.addInstantiatedParametersToScope(FD, FDPattern, Scope, MLTAL);
     SemaRef.addInstantiatedLocalVarsToScope(FD, FDPattern, Scope);
+
+    if (isLambdaCallOperator(FD))
+      SemaRef.addInstantiatedCapturesToScope(FD, FDPattern, Scope, MLTAL);
   }
+
+  SemaRef.addInstantiatedCapturesToScope(InnermostFD, InnermostFDPattern, Scope,
+                                         MLTAL);
 }

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateVariadic.cpp

@@ -825,12 +825,9 @@ bool Sema::CheckParameterPacksForExpansion(
   return false;
 }
 
-std::optional<unsigned> Sema::getNumArgumentsInExpansion(
-    QualType T, const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
-  QualType Pattern = cast<PackExpansionType>(T)->getPattern();
-  SmallVector<UnexpandedParameterPack, 2> Unexpanded;
-  CollectUnexpandedParameterPacksVisitor(Unexpanded).TraverseType(Pattern);
-
+std::optional<unsigned> Sema::getNumArgumentsInExpansionFromUnexpanded(
+    llvm::ArrayRef<UnexpandedParameterPack> Unexpanded,
+    const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
   std::optional<unsigned> Result;
   for (unsigned I = 0, N = Unexpanded.size(); I != N; ++I) {
     // Compute the depth and index for this parameter pack.
@@ -878,6 +875,14 @@ std::optional<unsigned> Sema::getNumArgumentsInExpansion(
   return Result;
 }
 
+std::optional<unsigned> Sema::getNumArgumentsInExpansion(
+    QualType T, const MultiLevelTemplateArgumentList &TemplateArgs) {
+  QualType Pattern = cast<PackExpansionType>(T)->getPattern();
+  SmallVector<UnexpandedParameterPack, 2> Unexpanded;
+  CollectUnexpandedParameterPacksVisitor(Unexpanded).TraverseType(Pattern);
+  return getNumArgumentsInExpansionFromUnexpanded(Unexpanded, TemplateArgs);
+}
+
 bool Sema::containsUnexpandedParameterPacks(Declarator &D) {
   const DeclSpec &DS = D.getDeclSpec();
   switch (DS.getTypeSpecType()) {

clang/test/SemaTemplate/concepts-lambda.cpp

@@ -251,3 +251,31 @@ void dependent_param() {
   L(0, 1)(1, 2)(1);
 }
 } // namespace dependent_param_concept
+
+namespace init_captures {
+template <int N> struct V {};
+
+void sink(V<0>, V<1>, V<2>, V<3>, V<4>) {}
+
+void init_capture_pack() {
+  auto L = [](auto... z) {
+    return [=](auto... y) {
+      return [... w = z, y...](auto)
+        requires requires { sink(w..., y...); }
+      {};
+    };
+  };
+  L(V<0>{}, V<1>{}, V<2>{})(V<3>{}, V<4>{})(1);
+}
+
+void dependent_capture_packs() {
+  auto L = [](auto... z) {
+    return [... w = z](auto... y) {
+      return [... c = w](auto)
+        requires requires { sink(c..., y...); }
+      {};
+    };
+  };
+  L(V<0>{}, V<1>{}, V<2>{})(V<3>{}, V<4>{})(1);
+}
+} // namespace init_captures