diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5b787b1afc..161c75663b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ Enable the rules that you would like to use.
 * [react/jsx-no-undef](docs/rules/jsx-no-undef.md): Disallow undeclared variables in JSX
 * [react/jsx-one-expression-per-line](docs/rules/jsx-one-expression-per-line.md): Limit to one expression per line in JSX
 * [react/jsx-curly-brace-presence](docs/rules/jsx-curly-brace-presence.md): Enforce curly braces or disallow unnecessary curly braces in JSX
+* [react/jsx-fragments](docs/rules/jsx-fragments.md): Enforce shorthand or standard form for React fragments
 * [react/jsx-pascal-case](docs/rules/jsx-pascal-case.md): Enforce PascalCase for user-defined JSX components
 * [react/jsx-props-no-multi-spaces](docs/rules/jsx-props-no-multi-spaces.md): Disallow multiple spaces between inline JSX props (fixable)
 * [react/jsx-sort-default-props](docs/rules/jsx-sort-default-props.md): Enforce default props alphabetical sorting
diff --git a/docs/rules/jsx-fragments.md b/docs/rules/jsx-fragments.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1620652b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/rules/jsx-fragments.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Enforce shorthand or standard form for React fragments (react/jsx-fragments)
+
+In JSX, a React fragment is created either with `<React.Fragment>...</React.Fragment>`, or, using the shorthand syntax, `<>...</>`. This rule allows you to enforce one way or the other.
+
+Support for fragments was added in React v16.2, so the rule will warn on either of these forms if an older React version is specified in [shared settings][shared_settings].
+
+## Rule Options
+
+```js
+...
+"react/jsx-fragments": [<enabled>, <mode>]
+...
+```
+
+### `syntax` mode
+
+This is the default mode. It will enforce the shorthand syntax for React fragments, with one exception. [Keys or attributes are not supported by the shorthand syntax][short_syntax], so the rule will not warn on standard-form fragments that use those.
+
+The following pattern is considered a warning:
+
+```jsx
+<React.Fragment><Foo /></React.Fragment>
+```
+
+The following patterns are **not** considered warnings:
+
+```jsx
+<><Foo /></>
+```
+
+```jsx
+<React.Fragment key="key"><Foo /></React.Fragment>
+```
+
+### `element` mode
+
+This mode enforces the standard form for React fragments.
+
+The following pattern is considered a warning:
+
+```jsx
+<><Foo /></>
+```
+
+The following patterns are **not** considered warnings:
+
+```jsx
+<React.Fragment><Foo /></React.Fragment>
+```
+
+```jsx
+<React.Fragment key="key"><Foo /></React.Fragment>
+```
+
+[fragments]: https://reactjs.org/docs/fragments.html
+[shared_settings]: /README.md#configuration
+[short_syntax]: https://reactjs.org/docs/fragments.html#short-syntax
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 45a96d7da3..25faa607a6 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ const allRules = {
   'jsx-no-undef': require('./lib/rules/jsx-no-undef'),
   'jsx-curly-brace-presence': require('./lib/rules/jsx-curly-brace-presence'),
   'jsx-pascal-case': require('./lib/rules/jsx-pascal-case'),
+  'jsx-fragments': require('./lib/rules/jsx-fragments'),
   'jsx-props-no-multi-spaces': require('./lib/rules/jsx-props-no-multi-spaces'),
   'jsx-sort-default-props': require('./lib/rules/jsx-sort-default-props'),
   'jsx-sort-props': require('./lib/rules/jsx-sort-props'),
diff --git a/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js b/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9d97322e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Enforce shorthand or standard form for React fragments.
+ * @author Alex Zherdev
+ */
+'use strict';
+
+const elementType = require('jsx-ast-utils/elementType');
+const pragmaUtil = require('../util/pragma');
+const variableUtil = require('../util/variable');
+const versionUtil = require('../util/version');
+const docsUrl = require('../util/docsUrl');
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rule Definition
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function replaceNode(source, node, text) {
+  return `${source.slice(0, node.range[0])}${text}${source.slice(node.range[1])}`;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    docs: {
+      description: 'Enforce shorthand or standard form for React fragments',
+      category: 'Stylistic Issues',
+      recommended: false,
+      url: docsUrl('jsx-fragments')
+    },
+    fixable: 'code',
+
+    schema: [{
+      enum: ['syntax', 'element']
+    }]
+  },
+
+  create: function(context) {
+    const configuration = context.options[0] || 'syntax';
+    const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();
+    const reactPragma = pragmaUtil.getFromContext(context);
+    const fragmentPragma = pragmaUtil.getFragmentFromContext(context);
+    const openFragShort = '<>';
+    const closeFragShort = '</>';
+    const openFragLong = `<${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}>`;
+    const closeFragLong = `</${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}>`;
+
+    function reportOnReactVersion(node) {
+      if (!versionUtil.testReactVersion(context, '16.2.0')) {
+        context.report({
+          node,
+          message: 'Fragments are only supported starting from React v16.2'
+        });
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    function getFixerToLong(jsxFragment) {
+      return function(fixer) {
+        let source = sourceCode.getText();
+        source = replaceNode(source, jsxFragment.closingFragment, closeFragLong);
+        source = replaceNode(source, jsxFragment.openingFragment, openFragLong);
+        const lengthDiff = openFragLong.length - sourceCode.getText(jsxFragment.openingFragment).length
+          + closeFragLong.length - sourceCode.getText(jsxFragment.closingFragment).length;
+        const range = jsxFragment.range;
+        return fixer.replaceTextRange(range, source.slice(range[0], range[1] + lengthDiff));
+      };
+    }
+
+    function getFixerToShort(jsxElement) {
+      return function(fixer) {
+        let source = sourceCode.getText();
+        source = replaceNode(source, jsxElement.closingElement, closeFragShort);
+        source = replaceNode(source, jsxElement.openingElement, openFragShort);
+        const lengthDiff = sourceCode.getText(jsxElement.openingElement).length - openFragShort.length
+          + sourceCode.getText(jsxElement.closingElement).length - closeFragShort.length;
+        const range = jsxElement.range;
+        return fixer.replaceTextRange(range, source.slice(range[0], range[1] - lengthDiff));
+      };
+    }
+
+    function refersToReactFragment(name) {
+      const variableInit = variableUtil.findVariableByName(context, name);
+      if (!variableInit) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // const { Fragment } = React;
+      if (variableInit.type === 'Identifier' && variableInit.name === reactPragma) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // const Fragment = React.Fragment;
+      if (
+        variableInit.type === 'MemberExpression'
+        && variableInit.object.type === 'Identifier'
+        && variableInit.object.name === reactPragma
+        && variableInit.property.type === 'Identifier'
+        && variableInit.property.name === fragmentPragma
+      ) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // const { Fragment } = require('react');
+      if (
+        variableInit.callee
+        && variableInit.callee.name === 'require'
+        && variableInit.arguments
+        && variableInit.arguments[0]
+        && variableInit.arguments[0].value === 'react'
+      ) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const jsxElements = [];
+    const fragmentNames = new Set([`${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}`]);
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Public
+    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    return {
+      JSXElement(node) {
+        jsxElements.push(node);
+      },
+
+      JSXFragment(node) {
+        if (reportOnReactVersion(node)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (configuration === 'element') {
+          context.report({
+            node,
+            message: `Prefer ${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma} over fragment shorthand`,
+            fix: getFixerToLong(node)
+          });
+        }
+      },
+
+      ImportDeclaration(node) {
+        if (node.source && node.source.value === 'react') {
+          node.specifiers.forEach(spec => {
+            if (spec.imported && spec.imported.name === fragmentPragma) {
+              if (spec.local) {
+                fragmentNames.add(spec.local.name);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      },
+
+      'Program:exit'() {
+        jsxElements.forEach(node => {
+          const openingEl = node.openingElement;
+          const elName = elementType(openingEl);
+
+          if (fragmentNames.has(elName) || refersToReactFragment(elName)) {
+            if (reportOnReactVersion(node)) {
+              return;
+            }
+
+            const attrs = openingEl.attributes;
+            if (configuration === 'syntax' && !(attrs && attrs.length > 0)) {
+              context.report({
+                node,
+                message: `Prefer fragment shorthand over ${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}`,
+                fix: getFixerToShort(node)
+              });
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  }
+};
diff --git a/lib/util/pragma.js b/lib/util/pragma.js
index 5162005938..27e3ed7fa7 100644
--- a/lib/util/pragma.js
+++ b/lib/util/pragma.js
@@ -21,6 +21,18 @@ function getCreateClassFromContext(context) {
   return pragma;
 }
 
+function getFragmentFromContext(context) {
+  let pragma = 'Fragment';
+  // .eslintrc shared settings (http://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/configuring#adding-shared-settings)
+  if (context.settings.react && context.settings.react.fragment) {
+    pragma = context.settings.react.fragment;
+  }
+  if (!JS_IDENTIFIER_REGEX.test(pragma)) {
+    throw new Error(`Fragment pragma ${pragma} is not a valid identifier`);
+  }
+  return pragma;
+}
+
 function getFromContext(context) {
   let pragma = 'React';
 
@@ -43,5 +55,6 @@ function getFromContext(context) {
 
 module.exports = {
   getCreateClassFromContext: getCreateClassFromContext,
+  getFragmentFromContext: getFragmentFromContext,
   getFromContext: getFromContext
 };
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js b/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c230085040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Tests for jsx-fragments
+ * @author Alex Zherdev
+ */
+'use strict';
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Requirements
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const rule = require('../../../lib/rules/jsx-fragments');
+const RuleTester = require('eslint').RuleTester;
+
+const parserOptions = {
+  ecmaVersion: 2018,
+  sourceType: 'module',
+  ecmaFeatures: {
+    jsx: true
+  }
+};
+
+const settings = {
+  react: {
+    version: '16.2',
+    pragma: 'Act',
+    fragment: 'Frag'
+  }
+};
+
+const settingsOld = {
+  react: {
+    version: '16.1',
+    pragma: 'Act',
+    fragment: 'Frag'
+  }
+};
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tests
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester({parserOptions});
+ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
+  valid: [{
+    code: '<><Foo /></>',
+    parser: 'babel-eslint',
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      import Act, { Frag as F } from 'react';
+      <F><Foo /></F>;
+    `,
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const F = Act.Frag;
+      <F><Foo /></F>;
+    `,
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const { Frag } = Act;
+      <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
+    `,
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const { Frag } = require('react');
+      <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
+    `,
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings
+  }, {
+    code: '<Act.Frag key="key"><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings
+  }],
+
+  invalid: [{
+    code: '<><Foo /></>',
+    parser: 'babel-eslint',
+    settings: settingsOld,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Fragments are only supported starting from React v16.2'
+    }]
+  }, {
+    code: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
+    settings: settingsOld,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Fragments are only supported starting from React v16.2'
+    }]
+  }, {
+    code: '<><Foo /></>',
+    parser: 'babel-eslint',
+    options: ['element'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer Act.Frag over fragment shorthand'
+    }],
+    output: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>'
+  }, {
+    code: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: '<><Foo /></>'
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      import Act, { Frag as F } from 'react';
+      <F><Foo /></F>;
+    `,
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: `
+      import Act, { Frag as F } from 'react';
+      <><Foo /></>;
+    `
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      import Act, { Frag } from 'react';
+      <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
+    `,
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: `
+      import Act, { Frag } from 'react';
+      <><Foo /></>;
+    `
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const F = Act.Frag;
+      <F><Foo /></F>;
+    `,
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: `
+      const F = Act.Frag;
+      <><Foo /></>;
+    `
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const { Frag } = Act;
+      <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
+    `,
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: `
+      const { Frag } = Act;
+      <><Foo /></>;
+    `
+  }, {
+    code: `
+      const { Frag } = require('react');
+      <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
+    `,
+    options: ['syntax'],
+    settings,
+    errors: [{
+      message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
+    }],
+    output: `
+      const { Frag } = require('react');
+      <><Foo /></>;
+    `
+  }]
+});