#10 - python

Author: duendeintemporal

Roadmap/10 - EXCEPCIONES/python/duendeintemporal.py

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+#10 { Retos para Programadores }  EXCEPCIONES
+
+# Bibliography reference
+#Python Notes for Professionals. 800+ pages of professional hints and tricks (GoalKicker.com) (Z-Library)
+# GPT
+
+
+""" 
+ * EJERCICIO:
+ * Explora el concepto de manejo de excepciones según tu lenguaje.
+ * Fuerza un error en tu código, captura el error, imprime dicho error
+ * y evita que el programa se detenga de manera inesperada.
+ * Prueba a dividir "10/0" o acceder a un índice no existente
+ * de un listado para intentar provocar un error.
+ *
+ * DIFICULTAD EXTRA (opcional):
+ * Crea una función que sea capaz de procesar parámetros, pero que también
+ * pueda lanzar 3 tipos diferentes de excepciones (una de ellas tiene que
+ * corresponderse con un tipo de excepción creada por nosotros de manera
+ * personalizada, y debe ser lanzada de manera manual) en caso de error.
+ * - Captura todas las excepciones desde el lugar donde llamas a la función.
+ * - Imprime el tipo de error.
+ * - Imprime si no se ha producido ningún error.
+ * - Imprime que la ejecución ha finalizado.
+
+"""
+
+log = print
+
+import time
+
+# Short for print()
+log = print
+
+# Simulating window load event
+def on_load():
+    body_style = {
+        'background': '#000',
+        'text-align': 'center'
+    }
+    
+    title = 'Retosparaprogramadores #10.'
+    title_style = {
+        'font-size': '3.5vmax',
+        'color': '#fff',
+        'line-height': '100vh'
+    }
+    
+    # Simulating setting styles and appending title to body
+    log(f"Body style: {body_style}")
+    log(f"Title: {title} with style: {title_style}")
+    
+    time.sleep(2)  # Simulating delay
+    log('Retosparaprogramadores #10.')
+
+on_load()
+
+# Runtime errors in Python are instances of the Exception class. 
+# The Exception class can also be used as-is, or as the base for user-defined exceptions. 
+# It's possible to raise any type of value - for example, strings - but you're strongly encouraged to use Exception or one of its derivatives.
+
+num = 0
+result = None
+
+try:
+    if isinstance(num, (int, float)) and num != 0:
+        result = 10 / num
+    elif num == 0:
+        raise ValueError("It seems you've tried to divide by zero, which is not permitted. Please enter a valid non-zero number.")
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("It seems you've tried to divide by a non-number value, which is not permitted. Please enter a valid number.")
+except Exception as error:
+    log('Something went wrong! ' + str(error))
+
+log(result)  # Something went wrong! It seems you've tried to divide by zero, which is not permitted. Please enter a valid non-zero number. & None
+
+# Note: Python raises ZeroDivisionError for division by zero, but we explicitly raise a ValueError to inform about it.
+
+# Example of handling exceptions in a promise-like manner using a function
+def promise_example():
+    try:
+        result = 102
+        raise Exception("explicitly rejected promise")
+    except Exception as error:
+        log("Promise rejected: " + str(error))
+
+promise_example() # Promise rejected: explicitly rejected promise
+
+# There are several specific core error types in Python:
+# ValueError - raised when a function receives an argument of the right type but inappropriate value.
+# TypeError - raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of inappropriate type.
+# KeyError - raised when a dictionary key is not found.
+# IndexError - raised when a sequence subscript is out of range.
+# SyntaxError - raised when the parser encounters a syntax error.
+# AttributeError - raised when an invalid attribute reference is made.
+
+def get_user_name(user):
+    try:
+        name = user['name'].upper()
+        log(f"User name: {name}")
+    except KeyError:
+        log('KeyError: Cannot read property "name" of undefined or null')
+    except Exception as e:
+        log('Instance of general Exception: ' + str(e))
+
+get_user_name({'name': 'Roxy'})  # User name: Roxy
+get_user_name({})  # KeyError: Cannot read property "name" of undefined or null
+
+# Extra exercises
+def check_values(arr, index):
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(arr, list):
+            raise TypeError('The first parameter must be of type list.')
+        elif len(arr) == 0:
+            raise ValueError('You provided an empty array as a parameter!')
+
+        if index >= len(arr) or index < 0:
+            raise IndexError(f"{index} is not a valid index for the array given.")
+
+        log(f"The position given corresponds to this value: {arr[index]}")
+        log("There's no errors when executing the function.")
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        log(f"{type(e).__name__}: Ooops! {e}")
+    finally:
+        log('The process is finished')
+
+check_values([8, 5, 6, 4], 8)  # IndexError: Ooops! 8 is not a valid index for the array given & The process is finished
+check_values([], 4)  # ValueError: Ooops! You provided an empty array as a parameter! & The process is finished
+check_values([0, 76, 32, 1, 4, 2], 'Kia')  # TypeError: Ooops! The first parameter must be of type list. & The process is finished
+check_values([4, 5, 3, 18, 22], 3)  # The position given corresponds to this value: 18
+# There's no errors when executing the function.
+# The process is finished