Merge pull request mouredev#1030 from Jose-Luis-Lanza/patch-3

#1 - Python

Author: Roswell468

Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/python/Jose-Luis-Lanza.py

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+# Python divide sus operadores en los siguientes grupos:
+#   * Operadores Aritmeticos
+#   * Operadores de Asignacion
+#   * Operadores de Comparacion
+#   * Operadores logicos
+#   * Operadores de identidad
+#   * Operadores de pertenencia
+#   * Operadores a nivel de bit
+
+# OPERADORES ARITMETICOS
+
+# SUMA +
+x = 2
+y = 3
+z = x + y
+print(z)
+
+# RESTA -
+x = 7
+y = 5
+z = x - y
+print(z)
+
+# MULTIPLICACION *
+x = 5
+y = 2
+z = x * y
+print(z)
+
+# DIVISION /
+x = 10
+y = 2
+z = x / 2
+print(z)
+
+# MODULUS %
+
+x = 3
+y = 2
+z = x % y
+print(z)
+
+# Exponenciación
+
+x = 2
+y = 3
+z = 2**3
+print(z)
+
+# Floor division (en Python es una operación matemática
+# que devuelve el mayor número entero posible).
+x = 7
+y = 2
+z = x // y
+print(z)
+
+# OPERADORES DE ASIGNACION
+
+# Operador (=)
+x = 10
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (+=)
+x = 10
+x += 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (-=)
+x = 10
+x -= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (*=)
+x = 10
+x *= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (/=)
+x = 10
+x /= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (%=)
+x = 10
+x %= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (//=)
+x = 10
+x //= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (**=)
+x = 2
+x **= 5
+print(x)
+
+# Operador (&=)
+a = 12  # in binary: 1100
+b = 10  # in binary: 1010
+a &= b  # now 'a' becomes 8, which is 1000 in binary
+print(a)
+
+# Operador (|=)
+a = 12  # in binary: 1100
+b = 10  # in binary: 1010
+a |= b  # now 'a' becomes 14, which is 1110 in binary
+print(a)
+
+# Operador (^=)
+a = 12  # in binary: 1100
+b = 10  # in binary: 1010
+a ^= b  # now 'a' becomes 6, which is 0110 in binary
+print(a)
+
+# Operador (>>=)
+a = 12  # in binary: 1100
+a >>= 2  # now 'a' becomes 3, which is 0011 in binary
+print(a)
+
+# Operador (<<=)
+a = 3  # in binary: 0011
+a <<= 2  # now 'a' becomes 12, which is 1100 in binary
+print(a)
+
+# OPERADORES DE COMPARACION
+# Operador igual (==)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x == y)   # Retorna falso porque x no es igual a y
+
+# Operador no igual (!=)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x != y)   # Retorna verdadero porque x no es igual a y
+
+# Operador mayor que (>)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x > y)   # Retorna verdadero porque x no es mayor a y
+
+# Operador menor que (>)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x < y)   # Retorna falso porque x no es menor a y
+
+# Operador mayor o iqual que (>=)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x >= y)   # Retorna verdadero porque x es mayor a y
+
+# Operador menor o iqual que (<=)
+x = 5
+y = 3
+print(x <= y)   # Retorna falso porque x es mayor a y
+
+# OPERADORES LOGICOS
+
+# Operador AND
+x = 5
+print(3 < x and x < 10) # Retorna verdadero porque x es mayor que 3 y
+                        # tambien es menor que 10
+
+# Operador OR
+x = 5
+print(3 < x or x < 2) # Retorna True porque cumple con alguna de las condiciones,
+                      # en este caso x es mayor que 3
+
+# Operador NOT
+x = 5
+print(not(3 < x and x < 10)) # Revierte el resultado, retorna falso si el resultado es verdadero
+                             # para nuestro caso retorna falso
+
+# OPERADORES DE IDENTIDAD
+
+# Operador IS
+x = ["apple", "banana"]
+y = ["apple", "banana"]
+z = x
+print(x is z)   # Retorna verdadero porque z es el mismo objeto que x
+
+# Operador IS NOT
+x = ["apple", "banana"]
+y = ["orange", "banana"]
+print(x is y)   # Retorna falso porque x no es el mismo objeto que y
+
+# OPERADORES DE PERTENENCIA
+
+# Operador IN
+x = ["apple", "banana"] # Devuelve verdadero si una secuencia con el valor
+                        # especificado está presente en el objeto.
+print("banana" in x)
+
+# Operador NOT IN
+x = ["apple", "banana"] # Retorna verdadero porque en la secuencia el
+                        # valor de "pineapple"  no se encuentra en la lista
+print("pineapple" not in x)
+
+# OPERADORES A NIVEL DE BIT
+
+# Operador & (AND)
+print(6 & 3)
+"""
+The & operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if both are 1, otherwise it is set to 0:
+
+6 = 0000000000000110
+3 = 0000000000000011
+--------------------
+2 = 0000000000000010
+====================
+"""
+
+# Operador | (OR)
+print(6 | 3)
+"""
+The | operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if one or both is 1, otherwise it is set to 0:
+
+6 = 0000000000000110
+3 = 0000000000000011
+--------------------
+7 = 0000000000000111
+====================
+"""
+
+# Operador | (XOR)
+print(6 ^ 3)
+"""
+The ^ operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if only one is 1, otherwise (if both are 1 or both are 0) it is set to 0:
+
+6 = 0000000000000110
+3 = 0000000000000011
+--------------------
+5 = 0000000000000101
+====================
+"""
+
+# Operador ~ (NOT)
+print(~3)
+"""
+The ~ operator inverts each bit (0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0).
+
+Inverted 3 becomes -4:
+ 3 = 0000000000000011
+-4 = 1111111111111100
+"""
+
+# Operador << (Zero fill left shift)
+print(3 << 2)
+"""
+The << operator inserts the specified number of 0's (in this case 2) from the right and let the same amount of leftmost bits fall off:
+
+If you push 00 in from the left:
+ 3 = 0000000000000011
+becomes
+12 = 0000000000001100
+"""
+
+# Operador >> (Signed right shift)
+print(8 >> 2)
+"""
+The >> operator moves each bit the specified number of times to the right. Empty holes at the left are filled with 0's.
+
+If you move each bit 2 times to the right, 8 becomes 2:
+ 8 = 0000000000001000
+becomes
+ 2 = 0000000000000010
+"""
+
+# ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL
+
+# CONDICIONALES
+# IF
+x = 7
+y = 5
+
+if x > y:
+    print("x es mayor que y")
+
+# ELIF
+
+x = 5
+y = 7
+
+if x > y:
+    print("x es mayor que y")
+elif y > x:
+    print("y es mayor que x")
+
+# ELSE
+
+x = 7
+y = 7
+
+if x > y:
+    print("x es mayor que y")
+elif y > x:
+    print("y es mayor que x")
+else:
+    print("x es igual que y")
+
+# SHORT HAND IF
+
+x = 7
+y = 5
+
+if x > y: print("x es mayor que y")
+
+# SHORT HAND IF... ELSE
+
+x = 5
+y = 7
+
+print("x es mayor que y") if x > 7 else print("y es mayor que x")
+
+# MATCH CASE
+
+fruta = "manzana"
+
+match fruta:
+    case "naranja":
+        print("Es una naranja")
+    case "platano":
+        print("Es un platano")
+    case "frutilla":
+        print("Es una frutilla")
+    case "manzana":
+        print("Es una manzana")
+
+# ITERATIVAS
+
+# FOR
+frutas = ["manzana", "naranja", "platano"]
+for fruta in frutas:
+    print(fruta)
+
+# WHILE
+i = 0
+while i < 3:
+    print("meow")
+    i += 1
+
+# EXCEPCIONES
+
+while True:
+    try:
+        user_input = int(input("Que es n?: "))
+
+    except ValueError:
+        print("valor incorrecto, trate nuevamente")
+        pass
+
+    else:
+        print("El valor de n es:", user_input)
+        break
+
+# DIFICULTAD EXTRA (opcional):
+# Crea un programa que imprima por consola todos los números comprendidos
+# entre 10 y 55 (incluidos), pares, y que no son ni el 16 ni múltiplos de 3.
+
+for n in range(10, 56):
+    if n % 2 == 0 and n % 3 != 0 and n != 16:
+        print(n)
+