cmd/compile: fix reproducible build of aliased generic types

Due to a missing "&& !alias" check, the unified linker was treating
type aliases the same as defined types for the purpose of exporting
method bodies. The methods will get exported anyway alongside the
aliased type, so this mistake is normally harmless.

However, if multiple type aliases instantiated the same generic type
but with different type arguments, this could result in the
same (generic) method body being exported multiple times under
different symbol names. Further, because bodies aren't expected to be
exported multiple times, we were sorting them simply based on index.
And consequently, the sort wasn't total and is sensitive to the map
iteration order used while ranging over linker.bodies.

The fix is simply to add the missing "&& !alias" check, so that we
don't end up with duplicate bodies in the first place.

Thanks rsc@ for providing a minimal repro case.

Fixes #59571.

Change-Id: Iaa55968cc7110b601e2f0f9b620901c2d55f7014
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/484155
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <[email protected]>
Auto-Submit: Matthew Dempsky <[email protected]>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <[email protected]>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <[email protected]>

Author: mdempsky

src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/linker.go

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (l *linker) relocObj(pr *pkgReader, idx pkgbits.Index) pkgbits.Index {
 			l.exportBody(obj, local)
 		}
 
-		if obj.Op() == ir.OTYPE {
+		if obj.Op() == ir.OTYPE && !obj.Alias() {
 			if typ := obj.Type(); !typ.IsInterface() {
 				for _, method := range typ.Methods().Slice() {
 					l.exportBody(method.Nname.(*ir.Name), local)

src/cmd/go/testdata/script/build_issue59571.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Regression test for https://go.dev/issue/59571
+# Build should be reproducible, even with aliased generic types.
+
+go build -a -o 1.a
+go build -a -o 2.a
+cmp -q 1.a 2.a
+
+-- go.mod --
+module m
+
+go 1.20
+-- m.go --
+package m
+
+type (
+	SliceFlag[T any] struct{}
+
+	Alias1  = SliceFlag[[1]int]
+	Alias2  = SliceFlag[[2]int]
+	Alias3  = SliceFlag[[3]int]
+	Alias4  = SliceFlag[[4]int]
+	Alias5  = SliceFlag[[5]int]
+	Alias6  = SliceFlag[[6]int]
+	Alias7  = SliceFlag[[7]int]
+	Alias8  = SliceFlag[[8]int]
+	Alias9  = SliceFlag[[9]int]
+	Alias10 = SliceFlag[[10]int]
+	Alias11 = SliceFlag[[11]int]
+	Alias12 = SliceFlag[[12]int]
+	Alias13 = SliceFlag[[13]int]
+	Alias14 = SliceFlag[[14]int]
+	Alias15 = SliceFlag[[15]int]
+	Alias16 = SliceFlag[[16]int]
+	Alias17 = SliceFlag[[17]int]
+	Alias18 = SliceFlag[[18]int]
+	Alias19 = SliceFlag[[19]int]
+	Alias20 = SliceFlag[[20]int]
+)
+
+func (x *SliceFlag[T]) String() string { return "zzz" }