runtime: Goexit on C-created thread report more useful error message

For #68275

Change-Id: Ic213a4e59aa24f125895946bf0001b82e55567bd

Author: qiulaidongfeng

src/runtime/proc.go

@@ -4321,6 +4321,9 @@ func gdestroy(gp *g) {
 
 	if locked && mp.lockedInt != 0 {
 		print("runtime: mp.lockedInt = ", mp.lockedInt, "\n")
+		if mp.isextra {
+			throw("call runtime.Goexit in thread created during a not Go runtime")
+		}
 		throw("exited a goroutine internally locked to the OS thread")
 	}
 	gfput(pp, gp)

src/runtime/proc_test.go

@@ -1158,3 +1158,10 @@ func TestBigGOMAXPROCS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("output:\n%s\nwanted:\nunknown function: NonexistentTest", output)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCgoToGoCallGoexit(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("only test in Windows")
+	}
+	checkCoroTestProgOutput(t, runTestProg(t, "testprogcgo", "CgoToGoCallGoexit"))
+}

src/runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/goexit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+/*
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+void go_callback();
+
+static void *thr(void *arg) {
+    go_callback();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void foo() {
+    pthread_t th;
+    pthread_attr_t attr;
+    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+    pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, 256 << 10);
+    pthread_create(&th, &attr, thr, 0);
+    pthread_join(th, 0);
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import "runtime"
+
+func init() {
+	register("CgoToGoCallGoexit", func() {
+		println("expect: call runtime.Goexit in thread created during a not Go runtime")
+		CgoToGoCallGoexit()
+	})
+}
+
+func CgoToGoCallGoexit() {
+	C.foo()
+}
+
+//export go_callback
+func go_callback() {
+	runtime.Goexit()
+}