math: replace float32/64 extrema with exact expressions

Follow-up on https://golang.org/cl/315170.

Updates #44057.
Updates #44058.

Change-Id: I0b071e8ee7a1c97aae2436945cc9583cde3b40b0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/315969
Trust: Robert Griesemer <[email protected]>
Trust: Emmanuel Odeke <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <[email protected]>

Author: griesemer

api/except.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pkg encoding/json, method (*RawMessage) MarshalJSON() ([]uint8, error)
 pkg math, const MaxFloat64 = 1.79769e+308  // 179769313486231570814527423731704356798100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.4013e-45  // 17516230804060213386546619791123951641/12500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.94066e-324  // 4940656458412465441765687928682213723651/1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 pkg math/big, const MaxBase = 36
 pkg math/big, type Word uintptr

src/math/const.go

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ const (
 // Max is the largest finite value representable by the type.
 // SmallestNonzero is the smallest positive, non-zero value representable by the type.
 const (
-	MaxFloat32             = 3.40282346638528859811704183484516925440e+38  // 2**127 * (2**24 - 1) / 2**23
-	SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.401298464324817070923729583289916131280e-45 // 1 / 2**(127 - 1 + 23)
+	MaxFloat32             = 0x1p127 * (1 + (1 - 0x1p-23)) // 3.40282346638528859811704183484516925440e+38
+	SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 0x1p-126 * 0x1p-23            // 1.401298464324817070923729583289916131280e-45
 
-	MaxFloat64             = 1.79769313486231570814527423731704356798070e+308   // 2**1023 * (2**53 - 1) / 2**52
-	SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.9406564584124654417656879286822137236505980e-324 // 1 / 2**(1023 - 1 + 52)
+	MaxFloat64             = 0x1p1023 * (1 + (1 - 0x1p-52)) // 1.79769313486231570814527423731704356798070e+308
+	SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 0x1p-1022 * 0x1p-52            // 4.9406564584124654417656879286822137236505980e-324
 )
 
 // Integer limit values.