diff --git a/packages/browser/src/backend.ts b/packages/browser/src/backend.ts
index d6dfe5d25ddc..4cdef3d11047 100644
--- a/packages/browser/src/backend.ts
+++ b/packages/browser/src/backend.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Event, EventHint, Options, Severity, Transport, TransportOptions } from
 import { supportsFetch } from '@sentry/utils';
 
 import { eventFromException, eventFromMessage } from './eventbuilder';
-import { FetchTransport, makeNewFetchTransport, XHRTransport } from './transports';
+import { FetchTransport, makeNewFetchTransport, makeNewXHRTransport, XHRTransport } from './transports';
 
 /**
  * Configuration options for the Sentry Browser SDK.
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ export class BrowserBackend extends BaseBackend<BrowserOptions> {
       this._newTransport = makeNewFetchTransport({ requestOptions, url });
       return new FetchTransport(transportOptions);
     }
+
+    this._newTransport = makeNewXHRTransport({
+      url,
+      headers: transportOptions.headers,
+    });
     return new XHRTransport(transportOptions);
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/browser/src/transports/index.ts b/packages/browser/src/transports/index.ts
index 8f938399e253..287e14e0ac50 100644
--- a/packages/browser/src/transports/index.ts
+++ b/packages/browser/src/transports/index.ts
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ export { FetchTransport } from './fetch';
 export { XHRTransport } from './xhr';
 
 export { makeNewFetchTransport } from './new-fetch';
+export { makeNewXHRTransport } from './new-xhr';
diff --git a/packages/browser/src/transports/new-xhr.ts b/packages/browser/src/transports/new-xhr.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cd19b1de0cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/browser/src/transports/new-xhr.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {
+  BaseTransportOptions,
+  createTransport,
+  NewTransport,
+  TransportMakeRequestResponse,
+  TransportRequest,
+} from '@sentry/core';
+import { SyncPromise } from '@sentry/utils';
+
+/**
+ * The DONE ready state for XmlHttpRequest
+ *
+ * Defining it here as a constant b/c XMLHttpRequest.DONE is not always defined
+ * (e.g. during testing, it is `undefined`)
+ *
+ * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/readyState}
+ */
+const XHR_READYSTATE_DONE = 4;
+
+export interface XHRTransportOptions extends BaseTransportOptions {
+  headers?: { [key: string]: string };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Transport that uses the XMLHttpRequest API to send events to Sentry.
+ */
+export function makeNewXHRTransport(options: XHRTransportOptions): NewTransport {
+  function makeRequest(request: TransportRequest): PromiseLike<TransportMakeRequestResponse> {
+    return new SyncPromise<TransportMakeRequestResponse>((resolve, _reject) => {
+      const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+
+      xhr.onreadystatechange = (): void => {
+        if (xhr.readyState === XHR_READYSTATE_DONE) {
+          const response = {
+            body: xhr.response,
+            headers: {
+              'x-sentry-rate-limits': xhr.getResponseHeader('X-Sentry-Rate-Limits'),
+              'retry-after': xhr.getResponseHeader('Retry-After'),
+            },
+            reason: xhr.statusText,
+            statusCode: xhr.status,
+          };
+          resolve(response);
+        }
+      };
+
+      xhr.open('POST', options.url);
+
+      for (const header in options.headers) {
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options.headers, header)) {
+          xhr.setRequestHeader(header, options.headers[header]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      xhr.send(request.body);
+    });
+  }
+
+  return createTransport({ bufferSize: options.bufferSize }, makeRequest);
+}
diff --git a/packages/browser/test/unit/transports/new-xhr.test.ts b/packages/browser/test/unit/transports/new-xhr.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5b3bbda313c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/browser/test/unit/transports/new-xhr.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { EventEnvelope, EventItem } from '@sentry/types';
+import { createEnvelope, serializeEnvelope } from '@sentry/utils';
+
+import { makeNewXHRTransport, XHRTransportOptions } from '../../../src/transports/new-xhr';
+
+const DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS: XHRTransportOptions = {
+  url: 'https://sentry.io/api/42/store/?sentry_key=123&sentry_version=7',
+};
+
+const ERROR_ENVELOPE = createEnvelope<EventEnvelope>({ event_id: 'aa3ff046696b4bc6b609ce6d28fde9e2', sent_at: '123' }, [
+  [{ type: 'event' }, { event_id: 'aa3ff046696b4bc6b609ce6d28fde9e2' }] as EventItem,
+]);
+
+function createXHRMock() {
+  const retryAfterSeconds = 10;
+
+  const xhrMock: Partial<XMLHttpRequest> = {
+    open: jest.fn(),
+    send: jest.fn(),
+    setRequestHeader: jest.fn(),
+    readyState: 4,
+    status: 200,
+    response: 'Hello World!',
+    onreadystatechange: () => {},
+    getResponseHeader: jest.fn((header: string) => {
+      switch (header) {
+        case 'Retry-After':
+          return '10';
+        case `${retryAfterSeconds}`:
+          return;
+        default:
+          return `${retryAfterSeconds}:error:scope`;
+      }
+    }),
+  };
+
+  // casting `window` as `any` because XMLHttpRequest is missing in Window (TS-only)
+  jest.spyOn(window as any, 'XMLHttpRequest').mockImplementation(() => xhrMock as XMLHttpRequest);
+
+  return xhrMock;
+}
+
+describe('NewXHRTransport', () => {
+  const xhrMock: Partial<XMLHttpRequest> = createXHRMock();
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('makes an XHR request to the given URL', async () => {
+    const transport = makeNewXHRTransport(DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS);
+    expect(xhrMock.open).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(xhrMock.setRequestHeader).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(xhrMock.send).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+
+    await Promise.all([transport.send(ERROR_ENVELOPE), (xhrMock as XMLHttpRequest).onreadystatechange(null)]);
+
+    expect(xhrMock.open).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(xhrMock.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith('POST', DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS.url);
+    expect(xhrMock.send).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(xhrMock.send).toHaveBeenCalledWith(serializeEnvelope(ERROR_ENVELOPE));
+  });
+
+  it('returns the correct response', async () => {
+    const transport = makeNewXHRTransport(DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS);
+
+    const [res] = await Promise.all([
+      transport.send(ERROR_ENVELOPE),
+      (xhrMock as XMLHttpRequest).onreadystatechange(null),
+    ]);
+
+    expect(res).toBeDefined();
+    expect(res.status).toEqual('success');
+  });
+
+  it('sets rate limit response headers', async () => {
+    const transport = makeNewXHRTransport(DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS);
+
+    await Promise.all([transport.send(ERROR_ENVELOPE), (xhrMock as XMLHttpRequest).onreadystatechange(null)]);
+
+    expect(xhrMock.getResponseHeader).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(xhrMock.getResponseHeader).toHaveBeenCalledWith('X-Sentry-Rate-Limits');
+    expect(xhrMock.getResponseHeader).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Retry-After');
+  });
+
+  it('sets custom request headers', async () => {
+    const headers = {
+      referrerPolicy: 'strict-origin',
+      keepalive: 'true',
+      referrer: 'http://example.org',
+    };
+    const options: XHRTransportOptions = {
+      ...DEFAULT_XHR_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS,
+      headers,
+    };
+
+    const transport = makeNewXHRTransport(options);
+    await Promise.all([transport.send(ERROR_ENVELOPE), (xhrMock as XMLHttpRequest).onreadystatechange(null)]);
+
+    expect(xhrMock.setRequestHeader).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(xhrMock.setRequestHeader).toHaveBeenCalledWith('referrerPolicy', headers.referrerPolicy);
+    expect(xhrMock.setRequestHeader).toHaveBeenCalledWith('keepalive', headers.keepalive);
+    expect(xhrMock.setRequestHeader).toHaveBeenCalledWith('referrer', headers.referrer);
+  });
+});